PHS3300 Neoplasia Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
Neoplasia - answer✔abnormal cell growth. can be benign and malignant
encompasses more than just cancer.
cancer - focus on malignant - what is cancer? what are some normal signals for cancer cells
between one another? what is it about their abnormal morphology? - answer✔defined abo0ut
their ability to grow autonomously - no external stimulus to perforate
Defined about their ability to grow autonomously - no external stimulus to
perforate
Normal signals for cancer cells - b/w one another or soluble mechanisms to promote cell
growth + replacement
Abnormal morphology, cancer cells are often based on the nucleus of the
cell
cancer encompasses multiple diseases
what can nuceli of cancer cells be used for? - answer✔Nuclei are used to defined whether the
cell is cancerous or not
what defines cancer as malignant - answer✔invasion of local tissue and escape from the site of
origin.
Must invade locally
§ Tissue - neoplastic growth, cells together
§ Always a basement membrane, one/two layers surrounding it
• If hyperproliferative, sometimes will not be malignant
o When it invades the basement membrane, that's when
they're malignant
o Can go past the tissue, can set up new cells outside
how are cancers classified? - answer✔on the basis of the tissue from which they develop
carcinomas (largest group - epethilial cells) - what are the 3 groups that belong to carcinomas? -
answer✔adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and miscellaneous carcinomas
adenocarcinomas - answer✔Regenerate in a secreting function
§ Lungs
§ Colon
§ Breast - milk
§ Pancreas - insulin, etc.
squamous cell carcinomas - answer✔Protective cells
o Skin
o Nasal cavity- associated w an entry point into the body - orifice
o Oropharynx
o Larynx
o Lung - cells can be very different, secretory, non-secretory, protective, etc.
misciallanoeus carcinomas - answer✔Renal-cell carcinoma
o Not secretory nor protective, etc.
carcinomas account for what percenatge of cancer (and cancer related deaths) - answer✔>90%
of cancers- 80% of cancer
sarcomas - what are they? how rare are they? provide a few examples - answer✔Cancers that
arise in the connective tissue cells, including bones, ligaments, and muscles.
Very rare - 1% of tumors
o Osteosarcoma - bone cancer
o Liposarcoma - fat
o Leiomyosarcoma - muscle, etc.
Neuroectodermal malignancies - 1% of cancers, 2.5% cancer related deaths
what is the most common type?
what are some other types? - answer✔Arise in the brain + nerve cells
glioblastoma - Glial cell tumors
o Astrocytoma - astrocytes
o Meningioma - meningeal cells
o Retinoblastoma - interesting type of neuroectodermal cells - How cancer arise - definition of a
tumor suppressor protein
Neuroectodermal malignancies - when are they most common? what about for
retinoblastoma?
overall, are Neuroectodermal malignancies treatable? - answer✔Found in young children
o Except for retinoblastoma to find early - familial disease
Central + peripheral nervous system cells 1% of cancer
• Not very treatable - comprise 2.5% cancer-related deaths
Hematopoietic Malignancies - answer✔tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, lymph, and
lymphatic system.
leukemia - answer✔cancer of white blood cells
describe how leukemia arrises and the different types of leukemia that can arrise -
answer✔Begins w multipotential hematopoietic stem cell - hemocytoblast
§ Daughter cells will go to myeloid lineage OR lymphoid lineage
Myeloid - mast cell, to thrombocytes, myeloblast to basophils,
neutrophils, eosinophils, monocyte to macrophages
Lymphoid - natural killer cell, small lymphocyte- t lymphocyte, b
lymphocyte - plasma cell - MM
• Depending on where the mutation takes place, can arise different kinds of leukemias
o Myelogenous leukemias - bone marrow
o Lymphocytic leukemias
multiple myloma - answer✔Plasma cell malignancies
Plasma cells are transformed and secreting more and more antibodies
Hodgkin's disease - answer✔Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic
system, which is part of the body's germ-fighting immune system. In Hodgkin's lymphoma,
white blood cells called lymphocytes grow out of control, causing swollen lymph nodes and
growths throughout the body.
4|Page
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Brightstars. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
