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Exam (elaborations)

Surgery Comat Exam Study Guide Solutions

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Surgery Comat Exam Study Guide Solutions Bloody discharge in one nipple from one duct in the breast - ANSWER-Intraductal papilloma (in the large subareolar ducts under the nipple) Hepatobiliary scan - ANSWER-Cholescintigraphy (99mTc-hepatic iminodiacetic acid or HIDA scan) - radiiolabeled subs...

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  • November 19, 2024
  • 31
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • COMAT
  • COMAT
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SophiaBennett
Surgery Comat Exam Study Guide
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Bloody discharge in one nipple from one duct in the breast - ANSWER✔✔-Intraductal

papilloma (in the large subareolar ducts under the nipple)


Hepatobiliary scan - ANSWER✔✔-Cholescintigraphy (99mTc-hepatic iminodiacetic

acid or HIDA scan) - radiiolabeled substances upatke by the liver, gallbladder, common

bile duct, and duodenum should be visualized after 1 hour in choledocolithiasis


Most common location of Carcinoid tumors - ANSWER✔✔-Appendix




Usually asymptomatic, but they could present with abdominal pain or carcinoid

syndrome if it has metastasized


Carcinoid Syndrome - ANSWER✔✔-caused by serotonin released from the tumor and

patient experience flushing, diarrhea, and bronchoconstriction




dx: 24 hour runie for 5-HIAA and CT scan or scintigraphy can localize it.


Tx of appendiceal carcinoids - ANSWER✔✔-Right hemicolectomy is indicated if the

tumor is greater than 1.5 cm

Copyright ©SOPHIABENNETT 2025 ACADEMIC YEARALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 1/31

,If there are no signs of tumor spread and the tumor is less than 1.5 cm, just and

appendectomy can be performed.




Carcinoid syndrome = Octreotide (somatostatin analogue)


Hit on the side of the head with blunt object causing weakness arm and leg -

ANSWER✔✔-Epidural hematoma resulting from rupture of middle meningeal artery

from maxillary artery)




Symptoms: vomiting, drowiness, confusion, aphasia, seizures, and hemiparesis




Dx: CT scan


Direct Hernia - ANSWER✔✔-a protrusion medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

(lateral umbilical fold)




Medial umbilical fold contains obliterated umbilical veins.




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,Median Umbilical fold contains the urachus


Indirect Hernia - ANSWER✔✔-most commonly due to a *Patent processus vaginalis*




Most commonly seen in premature males


Diastasis recti - ANSWER✔✔-a condition in which the abdominal wall separates and

the linea alba is stretched. Presents with a midline bulge that is above the umbilicus.

Bulge will increase with straining and decrease at rest.




tx: PT and abdominal wall exercises


Spigelian Hernia - ANSWER✔✔-Arise from a defect in Spigel's fascia, the apoeurotic

layer between the rectus abdominis and external oblique muscle along the linea

semilunaris


Presents without bulge but has associated pain


Amyand Hernia - ANSWER✔✔-An inguinal hernia containing the vermiform appendix

(signs and symptoms of appendicitis may be present)


Littre Hernia - ANSWER✔✔-Hernia that contains a Meckel's diverticulum


Pantaloon Hernia - ANSWER✔✔-an inguinal hernia that contains elements of both a

direct and an inguinal hernia


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, Richter Hernia - ANSWER✔✔-occurs when only the antimesenteric wall of a hollow

abdominal organ becomes incarcerated in and inguinal hernia.


Sliding Hernia - ANSWER✔✔-A hernia containing a hollow retroperitoneal organ, most

commonly the bladder or colon


Treatment of hernias - ANSWER✔✔-Conservative/Observation = Diastasis recti

(midline bulge)




Appendectomy = Amyand's hernia




Laparoscopic hernia repair = Ventral, inguinal, hiatal, and incisional hernia




Open hernia repair = most hernias


Retroperitoneal Organ - ANSWER✔✔-*SAD PUCKER*




S = Suprarenal (adrenal) glands


A = Aorta/IVC


D = Duodenum (2nd & 3rd segments)


P = Pancreas

Copyright ©SOPHIABENNETT 2025 ACADEMIC YEARALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 4/31

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