Class notes

General Physiology Full Class Notes

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Course
PCB 3712 (PCB3712)

Institution
University Of South Florida

This document is a detailed overview of general physiology, covering topics such as homeostasis, anatomical and physiological integration, and cellular organization. It explains foundational concepts like metabolism, tissue types, and signal transduction, along with mechanisms like the Na+/K+ pump ...

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Uploaded on November 19, 2024
Number of pages 78
Written in 2024/2025
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Noel takeuchi
Contains All classes

general physiological
general physiology
negative and
homeostasis integration physiological adaptation
homeostasis integration physiological adaptation
nervous system central peripheral autonomic end

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,
,Chapter 1 Homeostasis and Integration：The foundations of Physiology

Introduction
• Characteristics of living things:
– Organize themselves using E and raw materials
from their surroundings (metabolism)
– Maintain integrity (homeostasis)
– Reproduce

Biological Adaptations
• Mechanistic (proximate) explanation
• Emphasizes mechanisms
• Cause-and-effect sequences
• “How does it work?”
• Evolutionary (ultimate) explanation
• Variation and natural selection
• Species must cope with selective pressures
• Adaptations -- beneficial features that
enhance overall survival of the species
• “How did it get to be this way?”

Vestigial Features (features that are no longer in use )

Cost-benefit trade-offs Cost =requires E
Benefit = maintains body temp in the cold

Physiology
• Physiology → integrative discipline
– Interrelated with anatomy, physics, chemistry,
biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics
• Physiology → comparative discipline
– Krogh principle -- for every adaptation, there will
be a particular species in which it is more conveniently studied

Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
• Anatomy: structure of body parts and their
relationships to one another

• Physiology: function of the body’s structural
machinery
*Function reflects structure →
Principle of complementarity of structure and
function

, Basic cell functions
• Basic cell functions:
– 1. Self-organization
• Resources from environ to create cell
• E, rxn & enzymes, wastes, synthesis
– 2. Self-regulation*
• Maintaing integrity, exchange of materials, sensitive to changes, repair
– 3. Self-support and movement
• Structure, move materials
– 4. Self-replication
• Reproduce/repair

Tissue
• 1. Epithelial tissue – exchange material
– Sheets vs glands
• Exocrine glands – secrete through ducts to the outside
• Endocrine glands – ductless → blood
• 2. Connective tissue – connects, supports,
anchors
– Loose CT, tendons, bone, blood
• 3. Muscular tissue – contraction/force.
-There are three major muscle types found in the
human body: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
• 4. Nervous tissue - communication
– Brain, spinal cord, internal factors, external env.,
effector organ

8 Necessary Life Functions
• -Maintenance of life involves:
• - Maintaining boundaries (our epidermal layer )
• -Movement (ability to get from place to place, blood
movement)
• -Responsiveness (cells reacting to their environment e.g.
getting sick and your cells responding)
• -Digestion
• -Metabolism (all the chemical reactions occurring within the
body)
• -Excretion (getting rid of waste outside the body)
• -Reproduction (mitosis)
• -Growth

Homeostasis: Maintenance of a consistent internal state
• dynamic (changing) steady state

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