HOSA Nutrition Chapter 3 - Digestion,
Absorption and Metabolism
Metabolism - answer The use of the food by the body after digestion
Digestion - answer Breakdown of food in the body in preparation for absorption
gastrointestinal (GI) tract - answer pertaining to the digestive system
mechanical digestion - answer The part of digestion that requires certain mechanical
movements, such as chewing, swallowing, and peristalsis
Peristalsis - answer Rhythmical movement of the intestinal tract; moves the chyme
along
chemical digestion - answer Chemical changes in foods during digestion caused by
hydrolysis
Hydrolysis - answer The addition of water resulting in the breakdown of the molecule
Enzymes - answerOrganic substances that cause changes in other substances
Catalyst - answerA substance that causes another substance to react
Pancreas - answerGland that secretes enzymes essential for digestion and insulin, and
that is essential for glucose metabolism
Bolus - answerFood in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed
saliva - answerSecretion of the salivary glands
salivary amylase - answerAlso called ptyalin; the enzyme secreted by the salivary
glands to act on starch
Esophagus - answerTube leading from the mouth to the stomach; part of the
gastrointestinal system
cardiac sphincter - answerThe muscle at the base of the esophagus that prevents
gastric reflux from moving into the esophagus
Fundus (of the stomach) - answerUpper part of the stomach
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