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HOSA Nutrition Test. Questions and Answers
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HOSA Nutrition Test.
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HOSA Nutrition TestMacronutrients - answer carbohydrates, lipids, proteins & water
Main function & caloric intake of Carbohydrates - answer energy, 4 Kilocalories, 50-60%
of daily caloric intake
Main function & caloric intake of Lipids - answer storage of energy; 9Kcal; less than 30
% of daily caloric intake
Main function & caloric intake of Protein - answer structure; 4Kcal; or 15-25% of daily
caloric intake
3 main categories of carbohydrates - answer monosaccharides, disaccharides,
polysaccharides
Monosaccharide - answer simplest: glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharide - answer sucrose, maltose, lactose & lactulose
Polysaccharide - answer starch, glycogen, soluble & insoluble
Fiber is subdivided into - answer soluble & insoluble
RDA for fibers is - answer25-35 per day
Soluble fiber - answer helps to reduce blood cholesterol levels
Insoluble fiber - answer is important for colon health
4 disorders of carbohydrate metabolism – answer galactosemia, primary lactase
deficiency, lactose intolerance, sucrase deficiency
Galactosemic - answer inherited, early onset, accumulation of galactose in blood,
severe symptoms = failure to thrive
Primary lactase deficiency - answer body cannot digest lactose, GI symptoms, early
onset
Lactose intolerance - answerlater onset, varied severity, various causes: inheritance,
increased antibiotic use
, Sucrase deficiency - answersimilar to lactase deficiency:body cannot digest sucrase, GI
symptoms, early onset
Functions of Carbohydrates - answerprimary energy source for energy; balance protein
& fat metabolism; fiber: important for bowel fx, waste elimination & blood sugar control;
liver detox
Amino acids - answerthe basic building blocks for proteins
Proteins are subdivided into - answeressential & nonessential
Urea/Ammonia - answerthe main waste product produced by protein metabolism
Dietary sources of protein - answercomplete: animal based; incomplete: plant based
Complete & incomplete protein forms - answerare based upon the range of amino acids
present
Disorders of protein - answerCeliac disease & Milk protein allergy
2 types of protein malnutrition - answerMaramus; Kwashiorkor disease
Maramus - answer"starvation"; both protein & calorie deficiency
Kwashiorkor Disease - answerprotein deficiency with appropriate caloric intake
Functions of amino acids - answertissue repair; immune system support;
neurotransmitter support; growth; osmotic balance; pH balance
Fats - answershould comprise no more than 30% of daily caloric intake
Fatty acids are named based on - answernumber of carbohydrates, degree of saturation
& location of the first double bond
Saturated fats - answerhave no double bonds
Saturated fats come from - answeranimal sources
Mono-unsaturated Fats - answerhave one double bond
Poly-unsaturated Fats - answerhave many double bonds
Mono & Poly-unsaturated Fats - answercome from plant sources
2 groups of essential fatty acids - answeromega 6 (linoleic acid); omega 3 (linolenic
acid)
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