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BIOL 465 Final Review Questions And Answers
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BIOL 465 Final Review Questions And Answers
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BIOL 465 Final Review Questions And AnswersBreast Cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) ANS - orthologs in other mammalian species
- involved in normal double-strand DNA break repair and homologous recombination
- tumor suppressor gene
CA125 ANS elevated levels in ovarian cancer but not really a great marker, because of individual
variance
endometrioid ANS - tubular glands
- solid and cystic areas
mucinous ANS - expansive pattern of invasion
- smooth surfaces
- multi-lobular
- mucin appearance
low grade serous carcinoma ANS - glandular lined by bland cells
- little mitotic activity
- normal nuclear morphology (nuclei aren't abnormally large)
clear cell ovarian carcinoma ANS - microcystic masses with solid nodules
- clear cell-like appearance
high-grade serous ovarian ANS - papillary/micropapillary
- slit-like spaces
- glandular
- solid
, Type I ovarian cancer ANS - low-grade
- slow growing
- likely evolve through step-wise progress from borderline tumors
- usually chromosomally stable
Type II ovarian cancer ANS - high-grade
- evolve rapidly
- no recognizable precursors in the ovary
- widespread DNA copy number changes
limiting factors of exome sequencing: ANS misses deletions, variants, gene-rearrangements
IFN-gamma ANS immune stimulating cytokine secreted by T cells after activation
4-1BB ANS expressed on activated T cells
germline mutation ANS - inherited mutation, present in eggs or sperm
- all cells carry the mutation
somatic mutation ANS - non-hereditary causes
- acquired in one cell and passed to daughter cells
- very common in cancer
familial mutation ANS - no specific pattern of inheritance
- higher frequency of specific cancer than expected in group
- may result from similar environmental factors, diet, lifestyle, genetic background
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