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ANTHP 105 EXAM STUDY SET @
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ANTHP 105 EXAM STUDY SET @2024-2025
Observation, hypothesis, prediction, test hypothesis, conclusion - Answer What are the
general steps of scientific method?
Genetic drift, genetic flow, mutation, natural selection - Answer What are the 4
mechanisms of evolution? Define each. Which are random? non-random? which
produce new variation, reduce variation, spread variation?
natural selection - Answer -Changes in allele frequencies in a population due to
differential reproductive success
-Works to improve the fit between an organism and its environment
variation, heritability, competition - Answer Natural selection requires what
cotingent - Answer It means that natural selection must work with the variation already
present in the population
local - Answer it means that natural selection favors solutions that improve fitness in a
particular local environment.
eukaryotic and prokaryotic - Answer two types of cells
Chromatin - Answer -loose form of DNA
Chromosome - Answer a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the
nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes;
condensed DNA
Gene - Answer A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait to
make proteins and regulate other genes.
somatic cells - Answer body cells; direct cell activity, diploid, human s.c. contain 46
chromosomes; not genetic
Gametes - Answer reproductive cells; haploid so contain 23 chromosomes
2 chains of nucleotides - Answer building blocks of nucleic acids; basic structure of the
DNA
ACTG - Answer bases found in DNA nucleotides
DNA replication - Answer unzipping, attraction to complementary nucleotides, new
strands form
, protein synthesis - Answer transcription, RNA processing, translation
Transcription - Answer (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a
gene is copied into mRNA; DNA leaves nucleus for cytoplasm where protein production
occurs
Translation - Answer Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced;
mRNA codon matches with tRNA anticodon. Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid.
rRNA stabilizes mRNA-tRNA bond, amino acids are then joined together.
central dogma of biology - Answer DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Uracil - Answer a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived
from pyrimidine; in DNA this is thymine
loci - Answer Location of a gene on a chromosome
Allele - Answer An alternative form of a gene.
homologous chromosomes - Answer Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same
appearance and same genes.
Genotype - Answer genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype - Answer the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from
the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Heterozygous sickle cell anemia - Answer which kind of allele variation is the non-fatal
kind and can protect you from malaria
sickle cell disease - Answer Genetic disorder in which red blood cells have abnormal
hemoglobin molecules and take on an abnormal shape.
gene regulation - Answer ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed
in response to the environment
Hox genes - Answer series of genes that controls the organs and tissues that develop in
various parts of an embryo; a kind of regulatory gene
transcription factors - Answer A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects
transcription of specific genes.
mRNA processing - Answer mRNA transcripts is spliced and modified to produce mRNA
which moves from nucleus to cytoplasm
translation control - Answer Selecting which mRNAs are translated by ribosomes into
proteins
autosomes and sex chromosomes - Answer two types of chromosomes
Autosomes - Answer Chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the sex
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