BIOL 2051 Exam 2 ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers

BIOL 2051 Exam 2 ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
DNA must be retained _________, yet __________ to make new cells (DNA ____________)
- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -intact
-copied
-replication


DNA must be turned into multiple "____________" in the form of ________ to provide
instructions to produce ____________/______________. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -
working copies
-RNA
-enzymes/structural proteins


The RNA molecules must be read and decoded to form the enzymes/structural proteins for
the cell (_________________). - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- translation


The systems must have the ability to deal with damage to the core DNA molecules of the cell
(DNA ________). - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- repair


Results of the Griffith experiment:
live S strain:__________
live R strain:__________
heat killed S strain:_________

live R strain/heat killed S strain:_________ - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -dies
-lives
-lives
-dies


What did Griffith's work hint at? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- something could transform a
nonpathogenic R strain into a pathogenic S strain of microbes when the two were mixed
together

,The _____________________________________ experiment attempted to determine if it
was DNA, RNA, or protein that was responsible for the "_____________________" effect
observed in Griffith's. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty
-transformation


For the ______________________ experiment, used mixtures were obtained from S strains
but __________ away one component at a time. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -Avery,
MacLeod, McCarty
-digested


What were the results of the Avery, Macleod, and McCarty experiment? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- Only the mixture with DNA left over could still transform R cells into S
cells, indicating DNA was the molecule responsible for transformation.


For the __________________ experiment, some biologists thought that contaminating bits of
protein or RNA could still be present in the DNA-only mixture of the
Avery/Macleod/McCarty experiments. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Hershey-Chase


Hershey and Chase used radioactive labeling of either ________(____) or
_________(_______) in bacteriophages. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -proteins (35S)
-DNA (32P)


Hershey and Chase let the labeled phages infect bacterial cells, then determined where the tag
ended up for each setup. What were the results? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Only the
labeled phage DNA went into the bacterial cells, further proving that DNA (not protein) was
the hereditary molecule in these experiments.


For a molecule to serve as the genetic material, it must be able to: - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- -replicate
-pass on to offspring
-store information
-stable, long lasting
-express information

, -be converted into another usable form
-allow variation by mutation (at a low rate)
-give rise to new traits and characteristics


What is the structure of DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -made of deoxyribonucleotides
-5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose) + phosphate + nitrogenous base (A,T,G,C)= nucleotide


For DNA, what bonds form the sugar/phosphate backbone of each strand? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- phosphodiester covalent



Describe DNA's double-helix. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- two strands are antiparallel and
complementary


DNA is held together by _________ bonds. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Hydrogen



A/T form __ H-bonds. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 2



G/C form __ H-bonds. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 3



Within each piece of DNA, there are many _______. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- genes



What is a sequence of DNA that codes for a functional product? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
gene


In eukaryotes, there are _____ between the _______. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -introns
-exons


_________ are noncoding sequences while _________ are coding sequences. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- -introns
-exons