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354 Ch 4 Exam 2 Questions with Latest Update
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354 Ch 4 Exam 2 Questions with Latest Update
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354 Ch 4 Exam 2 Questions with LatestUpdate
What are the similarities between MD's and DO's? - Answer-both use drugs and surgery
What are the differences between MD's and DO's? - Answer-MD's: allopathic medicine;
medical treatment as an active intervention to counteract and neutralize the effects of
disease; most MD's are specialists
DO's: osteopathic medicine; emphasize the musculoskeletal system of the body such as
correction of joints or tissues; stress preventative medicine and take into factors such as
diet and environment; holistic approach; more open to alternative medicine; most are
generalists
- WAY more MD's than DO's (8.8%)
Physician - Answer-Role: evaluate, diagnose, and prescribe patients and focus on
prevention of illness
Training: requires licensing to practice; must attend a graduate school that offers MD or
DO; must pass licensing exam
Practice requirements: completion of a residency (2-6 years), usually DOs do a 12 mo
internship; MD's do 2-6 years
Practice setting: hospitals
Nurses - Answer-Role: major caregivers for sick and injured; largest category of health
professionals
Training: licensed at state level; Graduation from an approved nursing program that
awards an associate degree (ADN), diploma program, or bachelor's degree (BSN);
completion of national exam
Practice: depends
Setting: work in variety of settings
Types of nursing requirements - Answer-RN: Associate degree (2 year program),
diploma (2-3 years typically offered by hospital), bachelor's degree (4 to 5 years offered
by colleges and universities)
LPN: 1 to 2 years at a community college; licensed practical nurse; do more limited
tasks than RN's
APN: Have attained education and training beyond the RN level; Clinical nurse
specialists—Work in hospitals (vs. home health, clinics, or nursing homes); specialize in
fields such as cardiac care, oncology, neonatal care, psychiatric care; Certified
registered nurse anesthetists—Trained to manage anesthesia during surgery; Nurse
practitioners—Trained to provide primary care services, often independent of
, physicians; Certified nurse-midwives—Deliver babies and manage the care of mothers
and newborns before, during, and after delivery
ALL REQUIRE GRADUATE PROGRAMS AND MASTERS
Dentists - Answer-Role: diagnose and treat dental problems
Training: must be licensed; graduation for DDS or DMD accredited school; written and
practical exams; some need a specialty license before practicing
Pharmacists - Answer-Role: dispense medicines prescribed by doctors and provide
consultation on proper selection and use of medicines
Training: licensure required and graduation with a PharmD; completion of state board
exam and practical experience or internship
Practice: 6 years of postsecondary education; usually generalists
Setting: work in community pharmacies that are independently owned
Midlevel providers - Answer-- PA, NP, CNM
- Roles are expanding as the physician workforce shrinks
- MLPs are capable of providing a large proportion of the primary care services
furnished by physicians but don't engage in entire range or deal with complex cases
- A substantial body of research shows that these providers perform as well as
physicians on important clinical outcome measures
- Patients report high levels of satisfaction with care provided by MLPs because they
feel like the care more and demonstrate calue and quality
Physicians Assistant (PA) - Answer-Role: work in a dependent relationship with a
supervising physician to provide comprehensive care; most can prescribe medicines
- Certification by the National Commission on Certification of PAs
- MLP
Nurse Practitioner (NP) - Answer-Role: adv. practitioner; take health histories, provide
physical exams, and treat patients; NPs are oriented toward health promotion and
education
Training: certificate program or master degree; clinical training
Setting: hospitals and primary care settings
- MLP
Nurse Midwives (CNMs) - Answer-- RNs with additional training from a program in
maternal and fetal procedures; deliver babies, provide family planning, manage ob and
gyno care, certified by ACNM; patients of CNM are less likely to be electronically
monitored, ,have induced labor, or receive epidural anesthesia
- Registered nurses with additional training from a nurse-midwifery program in areas
such as maternal and fetal procedures, maternity and child nursing, and patient
assessment.
- MLP
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