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Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions

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Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions Four basic mechanisms for drug resistance 1. Decrease drug concentration. 2. Alter drug structure. 3. Produce drug antagonist. 4. Cause drug inactivation. NDM-1 Gene -Excessive drug resistance gene. -Codes for B Lactamase...

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  • November 20, 2024
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Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam
Questions With Complete Solutions

Four basic mechanisms for drug resistance 1. Decrease drug concentration.


2. Alter drug structure.

3. Produce drug antagonist.

4. Cause drug inactivation.




NDM-1 Gene -Excessive drug resistance gene.


-Codes for B Lactamase.

-Can inactive penicillins.




Good alternative for patients with penicillin allergy? Macrolide antibiotics.


Ex) erythromycin, vancomycin, clindamycin.




Most widely used antibiotic in hospitals.

Inhibits bacterial wall synthesis.

Effective against staph, including MRSA.

Treats C Diff and penicillin resistant pneumococci.

, Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam
Questions With Complete Solutions
Major toxicity = renal failure. Vancomycin.




Ototoxic and nephrotoxic

Inactivated by penicillins.

Trough levels should be measured.


Ex) ??? Aminoglycosides




Ex) gentamycin, tobramycin, amykacin.




Drugs must be ________ to cross placenta. Not _______ or __________. lipid soluable;

Not ionized or polar.




Most abundant & important protein. albumin




Dose at middle of frequency distribution curve?


Dose selected for initial treatment/therapeutic response for 50% of population. ED50

, Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam
Questions With Complete Solutions
Average lethal dose LD50




___________ raises drug levels by inhibiting _____________. Grapefruit juice, CYP3A4

metabolism.




MAOIs cannot be taken with foods that contain tyramine (aged cheeses, yeast); life

threatening HTN.




QT drugs Drugs that prolong the QT interval on electrocardiography (ECG)


May result in Torsades du Pointe

High risk: women, elder adults, congenital QT prolongation, low K+, and low Mg.




-First choice treatment of insomnia & anxiety.

-Lower potential for abuse, physical dependence, and intolerance.

- Reduce anxiety though effects of limbic system.


- AE: confusion and anterograde amnesia. diazepam (Valium)




Most frequently prescribed: lorazepam and alprazolam

, Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam
Questions With Complete Solutions
Staying asleep: estazolam




Tricyclic antidepressant

AE; sedation, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic effects.

Uses: depression, bipolar depression, fibromyalgia syndrome, neuropathic pain, ADHD, panic

disorder, OCD. imipramine




*overdose can be life threatening-- treatment is gastric lavage and activated charcoal.




Most widely prescribed SSRI.

Indications: depression, bipolar disorder, OCD, panic disorder, bulemia, PPD.

Produces CNS excitement instead of sedation.

AE: sexual dysfunction, bruxism, vivid dreams, bleeding disorders, increased perspiration.


Caution: serotonin syndrome fluoxitine




Other examples: sertraline, fluvoxamine, escitalopram, citalopram.




Central acting alpha II agonist.

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