Exam (elaborations)

SOCY 275 Midterm #2 (2025 )Latest Questions With Passed Solutions!!

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SOCY 275

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SOCY 275

Felson and Cohen's three elements of increased crime - Answer-motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the absence of capable guardians Control Balance desirability - Answer-Certain acts will have high control balance desirability, some will have low Low-self control theory assumptions - Answ...

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socy 275

Institution SOCY 275
Course SOCY 275

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SOCY 275 Midterm #2
Felson and Cohen's three elements of increased crime - Answer-motivated offenders,
suitable targets, and the absence of capable guardians

Control Balance desirability - Answer-Certain acts will have high control balance
desirability, some will have low

Low-self control theory assumptions - Answer-1. Crime is assumed to provide more
immediate gratification than noncriminal behaviour 2. crime provides easy paths to
gratification 3. crime is thrilling 4. crime provides few long-term benefits 5. most crimes
require little skill or planning

Control Balance Theory - Answer-Argues that the desire to avoid being controlled is the
major compelling force for human motivation

Issues with Hirschi's social bonds - Answer-the bond doesn't;t predict your chances of
engaging in deviance, not very goof at explaining the impact of peers, you can have two
sets of beliefs (deviant and moral)

Characteristics of low self control - Answer-impulsiveness, risk taking, physical, short
sighted, insensitive, low frustration tolerance

Effective child rearing - Answer-Monitor, recognize, punish

Containment theory - Answer-The individual experiences feelings of inferiority, this
causes inner pressures and if they are uncontrolled this leads to deviance

Direct Inner Control - Answer-The ability to feel guilt and shame and not to respond to
this with effective neutralizers

Indirect inner control - Answer-Based on the individuals interest in maintaining a stake
in conformity

Factors that make deviance more likely unless contained by controls - Answer-poverty,
relative deprivation, adversity, insecurity, etc

Hirschi's Control Theory - Answer-We are all prone to engage in crime so we must
figure out why people don't all engage in crime, emphasis on the lack of barriers

The social bonds of control theory - Answer-Attachment, commitment, involvement,
belief

, Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime - Answer--Criminals have low self
control, which is an inability to delay gratification
*They seek short term rewards and ignore long-term consequences
-Teaching children self-control will decrease crime later in life

Direct outer control - Answer-External to the individual and carry with them the threat of
sanctions

Indirect outer controls - Answer-control derives from the need to maintain role
relationships

Direct/indirect involvement - Answer-Direct is low control balance desirability and
indirect is high

Control balance deficits - Answer-If you have low control balance you are passive and
are of greater risk for victimization

Control balance surpluses - Answer-Very confident people, at less of a risk

structural constraints - Answer-Limitations on peoples behavioural options (if you're
married you can't go out as much)

Routine activities and lifestyle exposure - Answer-Age, gender, marital status, family
income and race

3 key factors to explain offending - Answer-1. Situational motivation 2. Availability of
peers 3. Absence of authority figures

Social disorganization theory - Answer-a theory that asserts crime occurs in
communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control

Why crime rates are higher in some areas - Answer-1. poverty 2. mobile population 3.
population heterogeneity (cultural disorganization and structural disorganization)

Types of cultural disorganization - Answer-Diverse subcultures (everybody has
conventional values but they can't communicate this to each other), obsolete
subcultures (not transferable), unstable community (undermines the ability to create a
common culture), irrelevant societal culture

Types of structural disorganization - Answer-insufficient resources, no intermediate
structures, isolate of institutions

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