TESTBANKforCommunityPublicHealthNursing b b b b
8THEditionbyMary
b b b
A.Nies,MelanieMcEwen|CompleteGuideWITH
b b b b b
RATIONALES
b
Chapter 01: Health: A Community View b b b b b
MULTIPLE CHOICE b
1. Which best describes theprimary reason that Americans are concerned about health care?
b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Politicians are discussing how to improve health care. b b b b b b b
b. The media has provided mixed messages about the health care system.
b b b b b b b b b b
c. Ournationalhealth carecosts keep increasing.
b b b b b
d. Thenewhealth care system offers free services to Americans.
b b b b b b b b
ANS: C b
The primary reason for the focus on health care is the constantly increasing costs, whichcannot be
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
sustained. The costs of caring for the sick accounted for the majority of escalating health care
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
dollars, which increased from 5.7% of the gross domestic product in 1965 to 17.8%
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
in 2015. Politicians and the media both influence Americans’ perceptions about health care;
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
however, they are not the primary reason why Americans are concerned. The new health care
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
system will change the health care access and availability, but will not necessarily be
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
offering any free services to Americans.
b b b b b b
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) b b b
2. A nurse has begun to lobby with politiciansfor changes to the health care system. Why is
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
this involvement important?
b b b
a. Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are currently very
b b b b b b b b b b b
visible in American m e d iNa. b b b
b. Nurses are primarily responsible for m thevariousunitsinour health
b b b b b b b b b b
care system. b b
c. Nurses are the largest segment of health care providers. b b b b b b b b
d. Nurses are the only group that is employed both inside and outside of hospitals.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ANS: C b
As the largest segment of health care providers, nurses are informed about the current health care
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
system and all the problems that result from people not seeking care until they are desperately ill.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Nurses, as the American Nurses Association (ANA) emphasize, usually believe that health care is
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
a right, not a privilege. Therefore, nurses, whose work is central to our
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
current health care delivery system, can also be instrumental in working politically to
b b b b b b b b b b b b
create a health care delivery system that will meet health needs. While nurses are in several
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
current TV series and are employed both inside and outside of hospitals, physicians and other
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
health care providers are as well. Nurses are often managers, but managers often have other
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
backgrounds, such as business administration.
b b b b b
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
b b b
3. What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses are employed?
b b b b b b b b b b
a. There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large central
b b b b b b b b b b b
medical centers.
bb b
b. There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care.
b b b b b b b b
c. There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by cutting positions.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
d. Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to improve customer
b b b b b b b b b
, relations.
ANS: B b
MCOs are employing nurses in many capacities. Although hospitals are closing and acute careis
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
increasingly found in central medical centers, the same trend may be seen in an increase in
bb b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
b neighborhood-based practice centers. While positions are cut in most industries, health care is
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
brecognized as an area where growth in employment is expected. However, nurses are
b bb b bb b bb b bb b b b b b b b b b
increasingly employed in community settings as opposed to hospitals. This change reflects the
bb b b b b b b b b b b b b
bmove toward community-based care rather than hospital-based tertiary care. To help decrease
b b b b b b b b b b b b
bthe continued rise in health care costs, the increased emphasis is on disease prevention rather
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bthan high-cost treatment.
b b b
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) b b b
4. Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current health care crisis?
b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in the marketplace. b b b b b b b b b b
b. Emphasis should be on individual autonomy and freedom of choice. b b b b b b b b b
c. Emphasis should be on social justice and collective responsibility. b b b b b b b b
d. Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in resolving problems. b b b b b b b b b b
ANS: C b
Public health recognizes the necessity of collective action in keeping the environment safe andin
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
b egalitarian tradition and vision. An overinvestment in technology and seeking
b b b bb b bb b bb b bb b bb b bb b bb b bb b bb b bb
of cures within the market justice system has stifled the evolution of a health system to protect and
b bb b bb b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
b preserve the health of the population. Although individual autonomy and freedom of choice are
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
b important, so is the recognition of collective responsibility in ensuring social justice, which
b b b b b b b b b b b b bb b b
entitles all people to basic necessities.
bb b b b b b
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) b b b
5. What is the primary problem seen in Healthy People 2020’s emphasis on choosing
b b b b b b b b b b b b
b b healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise or healthy food choices?
b b b b b b b b b b
a. Emphasis on other lifestyle choices, such as not smoking and minimal use b b b b b b b b b b b
bb of alcohol or drugs, is also needed.
b b b b b b
b. All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors socially unacceptable.
b b b b b b b b b b b
c. It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and eating fresh fruits
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bb and vegetables as opposed to quick and cheap fast-food choices.
b b b b b b b b b
d. Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores social and
b b b b b b b b
bb environmental changes needed for well-being. b b b b
ANS: D b
Although all responses are accurate, the primary problem is the emphasis on personal choicesin
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bthe Healthy People 2020 objectives. Emphasis on personal choices ignores the need for
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
community responsibility and action that addresses environmental or cultural
b b bb b bb b bb b bb b bb b bb b bb b bb b bb
restraints tohealth.
b bb b b
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
b b b
6. What responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics require of
b b b b b b b b b b b b
bthe nurse beyond giving excellent care to patients?
b b b b b b b b
a. Accept longer work schedules to ensure that professional care is always available
b b b b b b b b b b b
