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Summary Sport and performance psychology (articles) RUG LECTURE 1-7 (readings) 100% Verified (everything you need is here) Latest Update$14.99
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Summary Sport and performance psychology (articles) RUG LECTURE
1-7 (readings) 100% Verified (everything you need is here) Latest
Update
LECTURE 1 (readings)
Mental toughness and the ability to concentrate
factors which distinguish top athletes from less successful counterparts.
Hoberman (1992)
compared the discipline of sport psychology to the "human potential" movement of the
1960s
Four hypothetical aspects of athletic performance:
physical,
technical,
tactical
psychological
Physical aspects of sport performance refer
fitness
strength, and stamina
How can physical aspects be measured?
Objectively
,Technical aspects of performance
proficiency with which athletes can execute fundamental skills required by their
specialist sport.
mental aspects of sport performance
it is hard to be unbiased when editing or analyzing interview data.
most people tend to see what they believe, rather than believe what they see.
Confidence is positively associated with
peak athletic performance.
Bandura's (1997) theory of self-efficacy posits that confidence. is..
essentially a belief, which is why it may vary significantly from one context to another.
mental toughness is often used as...
a synonym for determination, resilience and/or an exceptional immunity to pressure
situations.
How did Ronald Smith (2006) describe mental toughness?
characteristic that enables athletes to react well to adversity and to persist in the face
of setbacks. Two key themes emerge from empirical studies of this construct.
Kobasa (1979) proposed that...
,hardiness is a constellation of personality characteristics that enables people to
mitigate the adverse effects of stressful situations.
Clough et al. (2002) proposed ...
Four key components of mental toughness in their 4Cs model of this construct.
Components of mental toughness are...
1. control or the capacity to feel and act as if one could exert an influence in the
situation in question
2. challenge, which refers to the habit of perceiving potentially stressful situations as
positive opportunities rather than as threats.
commitment or stickability.
confidence was defined as a component of mental toughness that designates a strong
belief in one's ability to complete a task successfully.
Clough et al. defined mentally tough athletes as...
as people who have "a high sense of self-belief and an unshakeable faith that they can
control their own destiny" and who can "remain relatively unaffected by competition or
adversity".
Jones et al. (2002) provided some valuable data on
, twelve perceived characteristics of mental toughness.
ex: unshakeable belief in one's ability, having an unshakeable belief in one's unique
qualities, having an insatiable desire to succeed, having the ability to bounce back from
setbacks, being able to thrive on the pressure of competition, being able to cope with
competition and performance anxiety, being able to ignore others' performance, being
able to switch focus when required, the ability to remain focused on the task at hand,
the ability to push oneself through physical and emotional pain, and the ability to regain
control after unexpected events.
Three characteristics of sport psychology
1. Regarded as a science
2. it involves the study of exercise as well as of competitive athletic behavior
3. Sport psychology is a profession as well as a science. Therefore, there are applied as
well as theoretical dimensions to this discipline.
Problems with medical model of applied sport psychology
1. places the burden of responsibility on the "expert" psychologist to "cure" whatever
problems are presented by the athlete or coach.
2. that "expert" sport psychologists are often on shaky ground theoretically because
many of the intervention techniques which they recommend have not been validated
adequately
3. the distinction between "expert" and "client" ignores the fact that sportspeople,
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