LS 15 PHELAN UCLA FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 230 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VE
FIED ANSWERS)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fswlfc
1. dawn ashworth and lyn- one man confessed only to the second murder
da mann murders alec jeffreys investigating how to test for DNA -
1985
found that perpetrators of the crime were the
same, but it wasn't the guy who confessed
got voluntary blood and saliva samples
colin pitchfork
2. fingerprint for crime has been in use for hundreds of years
identification good for property ones
turn into numerical code based on these parts
3. why are we interested in real fingerprints not left behind in many crimes
dna fingerprinting? they are essentially unique
4. real fingerprints are entirely unique
5. dna fingerprinting uses solve unsolvable crimes
resolve paternity issues
can prove innocence of people unjustly convicted
immigration
6. dna is a long sequence of letters that carry the info of
how to build molecules for the body
7. A or T, G or C match up
8. how much "spelling" dif- 99.9% of it exactly the same
ference is there between different enough: 3 M diff base pairs
individuals?
9. on average, indiv differ 0.1% of their bases: 3M differences out of 3B base
in their dna sequence at pairs
10. blood can isolate cells that came from perpetrators, get
to repeating parts, indication - random population
to compare to
, LS 15 PHELAN UCLA FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 230 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VE
FIED ANSWERS)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fswlfc
11. short tandem repeats repeating units, usually 4-5 nucleotides long
(STRs) diff alleles may repeat different amount of times
call it a locus: location on chromosome
noncoding - doesn't code for any product, protein,
built, etc. "junk dna"
12. nucleotides A, T, C, G
13. supposed there are 10 1/100 (why???)
alleles for str 1, each
with the same frequency
in the population. what
is the likelihood that a
random person has the
same genotype as the
perpetrator's DNA found
at a crime scene?
14. homozygous has to inherit same allele, same for STRs
10, 10 x 12, 14 not homozygous if 10 12 or 10 14
15. more questions about cross them like a punnett suqare still
possible STR allele
combos
16. for an str locus -> many alleles exist within the population, but each indi-
(2 or 3 dozen or even vidual can only have two of them
more!)
17. many individuals have STR loci: at different pace and how many of them
different
18. creating a DNA finger- 1. dna fragment containing each STR region is
print amplified. results in huge numbers of those frag-
ments
2. fragments separated by size, using elec-
trophoresis
3. str region is stained on gel
, LS 15 PHELAN UCLA FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 230 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VE
FIED ANSWERS)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fswlfc
19. US combined DNA index 20 STR, scattered across human genome.
system (CODIS) data-
base includes
20. human paternity testing analyzing 1 locus
what do the bands represent?
- represent fragment that's been cut on each side,
amount of distance related to how many repeats
there are.
which pair of people are the parents of each?
21. dna fingerprinting chal- 1. overlap of strs
lenges and controver- 2. how many strs should we compare?
sies 3. how likely is a match? multiply 4 probabilities
of matching 1 band by each other. -> can juries
understand this?
4. are there subpopulation differences? does it
matter if every person within a subpopulation has
the same alleles for an str? why?
5. do humans make mistakes?
6. how sure do we wanna be?
22. what are some things fuel
that living systems 1. raw materials for growth
need? 2. energy to do things that won't happen sponta-
neously (ex: walking, growing new tissue, adding
muscle mass, reproduction)
23. fuel comes from energy stored in chemical bonds
24. who creates energy ini- photosynthetic organisms
tially?
25. how to release energy breaking bonds that are lower
26. photosynthesis put energy in from the sun, building up bonds in
carbs that are later converted
, LS 15 PHELAN UCLA FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 230 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VE
FIED ANSWERS)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fswlfc
27. photosynthesis is like eating in reverse
28. what is doing "work" breaking bonds and reforming new bonds releas-
es energy that can be harnessed to do "work"
29. how do we power ma- gasoline and many other fuels
chines? but for our purposes: break the bond, form a bond
at lower energy, harness extra energy to do stuff
30. hydrocarbons molecules with chains of carbon and hydrogen
atoms (5-12 carbons)
31. car engines combust hydrocarbons, forming new bonds, re-
leasing energy that can be harnessed
32. examples heptane (gasoline) has 16 Hs, methane has 4 Hs,
propane has 8 Hs
33. biofuels are natural oils from plants, or sugar/starches
modified into ethanol
still Hs connected to carbon that are going to
combust somehow. they have different outcomes
34. lipids not water soluble
major storehouses of energy
good insulators
for storing and generating useful energy
35. molecules in dirt have it doesn't...
chemical bonds. why
don't we eat dirt?
36. major types of lipids fats/triglycerides
phospholipids
steroids
37. storing extra energy liquid is the most efficient form
ex: seals, sumo wrestlers
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