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HESI - Health Education Systems Inc & Admission
Assessment - HESI A2 Specialty Exams 2024-2025
HESI Pathophysiology Exam Questions with Correct
Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed | Graded A+ |
Read All Instructions Carefully and Answer All the
Questions Correctly Good Luck: -
A client with a fractured right radius reports severe,
diffuse pain that has not responded to the rx
analgesics. The pain is greater with passive movement
of the limb than the active movement by the client. The
nurse recognizes that the client is most likely exhibiting
symptoms of which condition? - =Answer>> acute
compartment syndrome
These signs are specific indications of acute
compartment syndrome, and should be treated as an
emergency situation.
A client with a markedly distended bladder is dx with
hydronephrosis and left hydroureter after an IV
pyelogram. The nurse catheterizes the client and
obtains a residual urine volume of 1650 ml. This finding
supports with pathophysiological cause of client's
urinary tract obstruction? - =Answer>> Obstruction at
the urinary bladder neck
Hydroureter (dilation of the renal pelvis), vesicoureteral
reflux (backward movement of urine from the lower to
upper urinary tracts), and hydronephrosis (dilation or
enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces) result
from post-renal obstruction which can consequently
result in chronic pyelonephritis and renal atrophy.
Ascending urinary reflux occurs when normal ureteral
peristaltic pressure is met with an increase in urinary
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pressure occurring during bladder filling if the urinary
bladder neck is obstructed.
The nurse is teaching a client with maple syrup urine
disease MSUD, an autosomal recessive disorder, about
the inheritance pattern. Which information should the
nurse provide? - =Answer>> Both genes of a pair
must be abnormal for the disorder to continue.
MSUD is a type of Autosomal recessive inheritance
disorder in which both genes of a pair must be
abnormal for the disorder to be expressed. MSUD is not
an x-linked dominant or recessive disorder or an
autosomal dominant inheritance disorder.
Which reaction should the nurse ID in a client who is
responding to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous
system? - =Answer>> Increased heart rate
Any stressor that is perceived as threatening to
homeostasis acts to stimulate the sympathetic nervous
system and manifests as a flight-or-fight response,
which includes an increase in heart rate.
Pupil constriction, bronchial constriction and decreased
blood pressure are responses of the parasympathetic
nervous system
A 26-y/o male client with Hodgkin's disease is
scheduled to undergo radiation therapy. The client
expresses concern about the effect of radiation on his
ability to have children. What information should the
nurse provide? - =Answer>> Permanent sterility
occurs in male clients who receive radiation
Low sperm count and loss of motility are seen in males
with Hodgkin's disease before any therapy.
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Radiotherapy often results in permanent aspermia, or
sterility.
The nurse is assessing a client with a ruptured small
bowel and determines that the client has a temperature
of 102.8. Which assessment finding provides the
earliest indication that the client is experiencing septic
shock? - =Answer>> Hyperpnea--increased depth of
respirations
The interrelated pathophysiologic changes associated
with the hypermetabolic state of sepsis and septic
shock produce a pathologic imbalance between cellular
oxygen demand, supply, and consumption.
Bilateral crackles, mucus production, and weak
peripheral pulses are signs of advanced shock
When observing a client for symptoms of a large bowel
obstruction, the nurse should assess for which finding?
- =Answer>> Distention of the lower abdomen
Among findings characteristic of a large bowel
obstruction is the distention of the lower abdomen
Nausea with profuse vomiting, fluid and electrolyte
imbalance, and upper abdominal discomfort are signs
of small bowel obstruction
What histologic finding in an affected area of the body
would suggest the presence of chronic inflammation? -
=Answer>> Increase in monocytes and macrophages
A predominance of monocytes and macrophages in an
inflamed area indicates the start of a chronic infection.
Macrophages are responsible for "cleaning up" the
healing wound through phagocytic and debridement
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