Exam (elaborations)
PSYCHOLOGY 1101 LEARNING TEST
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PSYCHOLOGY 1101 LEARNING TEST....
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learning - ANSWER a relatively permanent change in behaviour brought aboutby repeated experience
classical conditioning - ANSWER -elicited, involuntary responses
-Ivan Pavlov
-emotional, and psychological responses
-learning that occurs when an association is made between a meaningful
stimulus and a non-meaningful stimulus
operant or instrumental conditioning - ANSWER -probability of voluntary
responses increased/ decreased
observational learning - ANSWER -learning without direct experience
-imitation
Pavlov's Experiments - ANSWER -1849-1936
-Russian physiologist
-digestion in dogs
-demonstrated that many other stimuli can be classically conditioned in other
organisms
-showed how the learning process can be objectively studied
unconditioned stimulus (US) - ANSWER -evokes unconditioned response
, unconditioned response (UR) - ANSWER automatic (not learned) response to
US
conditioned stimulus (CS) - ANSWER -previously neutral stimulus
-following conditioning, evokes CR
Steps in developing a conditioned response - ANSWER -pre existing
unconditioned R to an unconditioned S
-pair unconditioned S with a neutral S
-neutral S becomes a conditioned S
-conditioned S elicits a conditioned R
Taste aversion - ANSWER -taste is associated with symptoms
-too much alcohol
-spoiled food
-foul tasting meat
Advertising - ANSWER -pairing (good looking) models with products
Systematic desensitization - ANSWER anxieties, fears, phobias
taste aversion - ANSWER -aversion therapy
-alcoholism
Thorndike's Law of Effect - ANSWER -rewarded behavior will increase/more
likely to recur
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