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Essentials of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Graded A+
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Essentials of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Graded A+ What is the basic structure of a nucleotide? ️️ A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base. What is the primary role of chloroplasts in plant cells? ️️ To carry out photosynthesis. What are the two purine bases...

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  • November 21, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Essentials of General, Organic, and Biochemistry Graded A+

What is the basic structure of a nucleotide?

✔️✔️ A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.



What is the primary role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

✔️✔️ To carry out photosynthesis.



What are the two purine bases in nucleic acids?

✔️✔️ Adenine and guanine.



What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

✔️✔️ To modify, package, and transport proteins and lipids.



What molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

✔️✔️ Oxygen.



What are the end products of the citric acid cycle?

✔️✔️ CO₂, NADH, FADH₂, and ATP (or GTP).



What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive enzyme inhibition?

✔️✔️ Competitive inhibition blocks the active site, while non-competitive inhibition alters the
enzyme's shape by binding to a different site.



What is the structural feature that makes phospholipids amphipathic?

✔️✔️ They have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.



What process breaks down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA?

, ✔️✔️ Beta-oxidation.



What is the role of tRNA during protein synthesis?

✔️✔️ To carry specific amino acids to the ribosome and match them with the corresponding codons
on mRNA.



What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

✔️✔️ To digest and recycle cellular waste and foreign materials.



What is the main difference between passive and active transport across a cell membrane?

✔️✔️ Passive transport does not require energy, while active transport requires ATP.



What is the role of coenzymes in enzymatic reactions?

✔️✔️ To assist enzymes by carrying chemical groups or electrons.



What is the main source of energy for muscle contraction?

✔️✔️ ATP.



What are the two main products of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?

✔️✔️ ATP and NADPH.



What is the function of the sodium-potassium pump in cells?

✔️✔️ To maintain the electrochemical gradient by pumping sodium out and potassium into the cell.



What are the two main components of the cytoskeleton?

✔️✔️ Microfilaments and microtubules.



What is the main difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?

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