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SOCY 275 Mid-term Exam with Complete Solutions What region of the brain is associated with crime? Correct Ans-lower propensities (secretiveness, acquisitiveness, combativeness and destructiveness)

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  • November 21, 2024
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SOCY 275 Mid-term Exam with Complete
Solutions

What region of the brain is associated with crime? Correct Ans-lower propensities
(secretiveness, acquisitiveness, combativeness and destructiveness)




The Born Criminal (Lombroso) Correct Ans-focuses on "degeneracy"; Therefore people who
were criminals were argued to be atavistic, or a reversion to an earlier animal form of life;
Criminals would resemble our apelike ancestors




Body Type Theory (Sheldon) Correct Ans-there is a degree of correspondence between a
persons body type and their temperament; Certain temperaments will be associated with
criminal behaviour; They have an inner layer (endoderm), a middle layer (mesoderm), and an
outer layer (exoderm)




Endoderm Correct Ans-is associated with the digestive system




mesoderm Correct Ans-is associated with the development of bones, muscles and tendons




ectoderm Correct Ans-is associated with the nervous system, appendages and skin




What are the three body types Sheldon talks about? Correct Ans-Endomorphic;
Mesomorphic; Ectomorphic

,Endomorphic Correct Ans-Tendency to put on fat (they are going to be soft, round, small
tapering bones, and soft smooth skin)




Temperament: Vicerotonic (General relaxation of the body, they will be a relatively relaxed
person, enjoy luxury, be soft and be an extrovert)




Mesomorphic Correct Ans-Predominance of muscles and bones and motor organs of the
body (heavy chest, larger truck, heavy wrists and hands, if lean hard rectangular outline, if they
are not lean they will fill out heavy)



Temperament: Somotonic (Going to be active, dynamic, walk and talk assertively and behaviour
aggressively)




Ectomorphic Correct Ans-Relatively dominance of skin in its appendages this is going to be in
the nervous system (going to be lean, fragile, delicate, small delicate bones, etc)




Temperament: Cerebrotonic (Introverted, personal complaints, allegories, skin troubles, chronic
fatigue, insomnia, sensitive to noise and distractions, and shrink from crowds)




Feeblemindedness and Crime (Goddard) Correct Ans-Concerned with identifying those
whose intelligence was "subnormal", then institutionalize them to prevent them from
reproducing

, Twin Studies (Lange and Christiansen) Correct Ans-idea that crime was a hereditary defect;
there was support for the finding that twins were similar in their behaviour. If one identical twin
is found to have engaged in crime there tended to be behavioural correspondence in the other
twin




What were Dana Haynie's studies on twins? Correct Ans-Shared Environment and Unique
Environment




Adoption Studies (Hutching and Mendick) Correct Ans-determine the effects of heredity on
offending behaviour had utilized the records of adoptees; examine the types of behaviours that
the adoptees biological and adoptive parents have engaged in and see if these are linked the
child's behaviour




XYY Chromosome Theory (Jacobs) Correct Ans-the idea that violent behavior in males can in
part be attributed to the presence of an extra Y chromosome in male offenders




gene x environment interaction Correct Ans-when two different genotypes respond to
environmental variation in different ways




Autonomic Nervous System Functioning (Eysenck) Correct Ans-Important for fight or flight
responses; looks at excitation and inhibition of introvert and extroverts




Introverts Correct Ans-oriented more towards the inner world, quite, more controlled; high
excitation and low inhibition

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