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WGU D027 COURSE MATERIAL QUESTIONS
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WGU D027 COURSE MATERIAL QUESTIONS
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WGU D027 COURSE MATERIALQUESTIONS
Which7of7the7following7is7not7a7cellular7function?7-7ans--Combustion7-7
All7living7cells7must7absorb7and7metabolize7sources7of7energy,7excrete7waste7and7by-
products7of7those7processes,7and7reproduce7to7continue7offspring.7Pyrotechnic7process
es7(i.e.7combustion)7are7generally7metaphorical.
What7are7mitochondria7responsible7for?7-7ans--Energy7production7-7
Mitochondria7are7the7energy7production7organelles7of7the7cell7responsible7for7the7major
7metabolic7processes7of7creating7units7of7energy7(e.g.,7ATP).
Which7if7the7following7can7cause7edema?7-7ans--Increased7lymphatic7pressure7-7
Decreased7vascular7and7lymphatic7pressure7does7not7generally7result7in7the7movement
7and7accumulation7of7fluid7into7extravascular7spaces.7Increased7plasma7pressure7in7the
7vascular7results7in7hypertension,7while7increased7lymphatic7pressure7will7readily7result7
in7the7pooling7of7lymphatic7drainage7into7third7spaces7(i.e.7edema).
Which7of7the7following7best7describes7the7result7of7cellular7reproduction?7-7ans--
Two7diploid7cells,7called7daughter7cells,7are7produced7-7
The7resultant7offspring7of7cellular7reproduction7is7the7creation7of7two7daughter7cells7afte
r7the7completion7of7mitosis7or7meiosis.7Interphase7is7the7longest7period7that7a7cell7spen
ds7its7life7cycle7and7is7the7preparatory7stage7before7cellular7reproduction.7Anaphase7is7t
he7separation7of7genetic7materials7to7the7opposing7centromeres7of7the7cell,7followed7by
7telophase.
What7indicates7hypokalemia?7-7ans--Serum7K7decreases7to7less7than73.57-7
Normal7serum7potassium7(K),7also7known7as7eukalemia,7is7generally73.5-5.57mEq/
L,7with7some7variations7of7+/-70.1-
0.37mEq/L7depending7on7the7laboratory7testing,7age,7and7other7potential7patient-
specific7conditions7and7variations.7Alterations7in7fluid7volume7or7the7administration7of7a7
supplement7alone7do7not7necessarily7contribute7to7the7development7of7hypokalemia.
What7is7an7example7of7both7hyperplasia7and7hypertrophy?7-7ans--
Uterine7enlargement7due7to7pregnancy7-7
Hyperplasia7is7the7increase7in7the7number7of7cells7of7an7organ7or7tissue,7while7hypertro
phy7is7the7enlargement7of7the7cells7of7a7given7organ7or7tissue7without7a7change7in7the7n
umber7of7cells.7Muscle7cells7grow7and7enlarge7(hypertrophy)7in7response7to7increased7
work7or7stress7from7exercise7or7increased7cardiovascular7pressures.7When7a7liver7is7da
maged7or7part7of7it7is7removed,7it7is7the7one7internal7solid7organ7capable7of7regeneratio
n7to7repair7itself7creating7more7cells7(hyperplasia).7During7pregnancy,7the7uterus7must7b
,oth7grow7to7create7more7cells7and7enlarge7those7existing7cells7in7preparation7for7the7su
pport7of7a7fetus.
What7regulates7the7sodium7balance?7-7ans--Aldosterone7-7
Aldosterone7is7a7regulatory7hormone7produced7by7the7adrenal7glands7to7affect7the7kidn
eys'7regulation7of7sodium,7potassium,7and7water7excretion.
What7is7the7alteration7if7the7extracellular7fluid7volume7is7less7than7normal?7-7ans--
Hypotonic7-7
In7hypotonic7states,7the7cell7size7is7increased7as7a7result7of7water7moving7from7the7extr
acellular7fluid7(ECF)7into7the7cell7to7increase7intracellular7fluid.7Iso-
7or7normotonic7states7are7a7balanced7state7between7intra-
7and7extracellular7fluid7volumes.7Hypertonic7states7cause7water7to7shift7out7of7the7cell7to
7increase7the7ECF7above7normal.
When7in7excess,7what7do7buffers7absorb?7-7ans--Hydrogen7-7
Excesses7of7acid7or7base,7H+7or7hydroxyl7ion7(OH−),7are7absorbed7for7the7purpose7of7
maintaining7pH7homeostasis7(pH7of77.38-7.42)
Which7of7the7following7would7a7patient7with7metabolic7acidosis7have?7-7ans--
pH7below77.35;7Bicarbonate7level7below7227mEq/L7-7
The7diagnosis7of7metabolic7acidosis7requires7that7the7testing7of7arterial7blood7finds7that7
the7pH7is7less7than77.357and7the7bicarbonate7level7is7less7than7227mEq/L.
What7is7the7process7by7which7RNA7directs7the7synthesis7of7polypeptides?7-7ans--
Translation7-7
Translation7refers7to7this7process.7Transcription7is7another7process7in7which7RNA7is7sy
nthesized.7Mutation7means7genetic7material7has7been7modified7through7inheritance.7Cr
eation7is7a7term7that7does7not7apply7in7this7context.
What7is7the7recurrence7rate7for7autosomal7dominant7disease?7-7ans--50%7-7
For7a7couple7in7which7one7or7both7partners7are7affected7by7the7disease,7the7chance7of7
each7child7being7heterozygous7affected7is750%.
Which7of7the7following7statements7is7true7about7autosomal7recessive7disease?7-7ans--
It7affects7both7men7and7women7equally7-7
A7criterion7for7recognizing7the7inheritance7of7an7autosomal7recessive7disease7is7that7m
en7and7women7will7be7affected7by7it7in7equal7measure.
What7is7the7proportion7of7the7population7affected7by7a7disease7at7the7specific7point7in7ti
me?7-7ans--Prevalence7rate7-7
Incidence7rate7refers7to7how7many7new7cases7there7are7of7a7disease7within7a7period7of7
time7divided7by7the7number7of7the7population's7individuals.7The7prevalence7rate7is7affec
ted7by7the7incidence7rate7and7how7long7the7affected7patients7survive.7Risk7factor7is7any
thing7that7could7lead7to7disease.7Relative7risk7is7the7measure7of7a7risk7factor7effect.
,Which7of7the7following7should7be7completed7when7a7disease7is7multifactorial7but7has7a7l
arger7genetic7component?7-7ans--Get7a7thorough7family7history7-7
Environment7and7lifestyle7choices7may7influence7a7disease,7but7diseases7such7as7brea
st7cancer7are7hereditary,7so7the7family7history7should7be7reviewed.
Which7action7is7the7purpose7of7the7inflammatory7process?7-7ans--
To7destroy7foreign,7invasive7microorganisms7-7
The7general7purpose7of7inflammation7is7to7initiate7the7destruction7of7foreign7or7invasive7
organisms.7As7a7secondary7effect,7it7increases7the7healing7and7immune7response7proc
esses7of7the7body.
What7causes7edema7that7occurs7during7the7inflammatory7process?7-7ans--
Increased7vascular7permeability7-7
Increased7pressure7in7the7vasculature7secondary7to7the7vasodilatory7effects7of7inflamm
ation7will7result7in7the7leakage7of7fluid7into7third7spaces7(i.e.,7edema).
Previousquestion
In7what7structure7do7B7lymphocytes7mature7and7become7B7cells?7-7ans--Bone7marrow7-
7
The7bone7marrow7is7where7immature7immune7cells,7such7as7B7and7T7lymphocytes,7resi
de7to7mature7into7B7cells.7After7this7maturation7process,7these7cells7migrate7to7other7or
gan7sites7such7as7the7thyroid,7spleen,7and7thymus7to7enter7their7final7stages7of7different
iation7and7development.
Which7type7of7immunity7occurs7when7antibodies7are7transferred7from7donor7to7recipient
?7-7ans--Passive7acquired7immunity7-7
Active7immune7processes7are7the7self-
originating7processes7of7the7immune7system7that7occur7from7(acquired)7or7without7(inna
te)7prior7exogenous7simulation7or7exposure7to7foreign7antigens.7Passive7immunity7is7sta
bilized.7Existing7immune7responses7that7are7present7with7or7without7simulation7can7aris
e7or7be7created7from7oneself7(innate)7or7acquired7from7an7outside7source7(e.g.7donor7a
ntibodies).
What7does7T-cell7activity7cause7in7older7adults?7-7ans--
Increased7susceptibility7for7infection7-7
As7the7human7body7ages,7the7immune7system's7effectiveness7to7coordinate7responses7
to7pathogens7and7other7foreign7antigens7wanes7and7the7risk7for7disease7increases.
What7is7a7dermatitis7caused7by7prolonged7exposure7to7chemicals7such7as7acids7or7soa
ps7also7known7as?7-7ans--Irritant7contact7dermatitis7-7
Prolonged,7superficial7skin7exposure7to7foreign7irritants7(e.g.,7acids7or7soaps)7is7a7manif
estation7of7an7innate,7local7inflammatory7response.7The7conditions7of7allergic,7stasis,7an
d7atopic7dermatitis7involve7more7systemic7processes7of7the7immune7system7and7vascul
ature.
, Which7of7the7following7is7a7self-
limiting7disease7associated7with7Herpes7type7viruses7and7a7herald7patch?7-7ans--
Pityriasis7rosea7-7
Lichen7planus,7acne7vulgaris,7and7erythema7multiforme7are7conditions7generally7associ
ated7with7or7caused7by7autoimmune7dysregulation,7bacteria,7and7varieties7of7foreign7an
tigen7(medications,7virus,7etc.).7Pityriasis7rosea7in7particular7is7associated7with7and7trigg
ered7by7Herpes7viruses,7manifesting7itself7as7a7herald7patch.
What7is7a7furuncle?7-7ans--
An7infection7of7the7hair7follicle7that7extends7to7the7surrounding7tissue7-7
Abscess,7dermis,7and7fungal7infections7are7generally7more7widespread7or7larger7proces
ses7that7require7broad7or7systemic7treatment.7A7furuncle,7though7uncomfortable7to7painf
ul,7is7a7generally7localized7infection7that7is7self-
resolving7or7that7requires7local,7minor7treatment.
What7type7of7lesion7may7be7malignant7in7the7form7of7squamous7cell7carcinoma7(SCC)?
7-7ans--Actinic7keratosis7-7
Actinic7keratosis,7which7is7caused7by7exposure7to7UV7radiation,7is7a7precursor7lesion7of
7SCC
What7type7of7abnormal7cell7growth7does7carcinoma7refer7to?7-7ans--Epithelial7cells7-7
Carcinoma7refers7to7dysplastic7epithelial7cells7that7have7penetrated7the7entire7thickness
7of7the7epithelium7into7the7basement7membrane.
What7is7a7characteristic7of7a7malignant7tumor?7-7ans--
Absence7of7normal7tissue7organization7-7
Healthy7tissue7is7made7up7of7non-cancerous7cells7that7are7well-
differentiated,7connected7via7a7well-
organized7stroma7and7that7stay7put.7Malignant7tumors7lack7those7characteristics7as7well
7as7normal7tissue7organization.
Which7lifestyle7factor7has7not7been7linked7to7the7development7of7cancer?7-7ans--
Extreme7exercise7-7
Tobacco7use,7obesity,7and7alcohol7consumption7are7causal7for7numerous7cancers,7whic
h7can7be7prevented.7Exercise7helps7prevent7colon7cancer7and7likely7helps7prevent7end
ometrial,7breast,7and7other7cancers7as7well.
Which7pediatric7malignancy7is7linked7to7the7family7of7origin?7-7ans--Wilms7tumor7-7
Wilms7tumor7is7kidney7cancer7in7childhood7caused7by7inherited7genes.7The7main7cause
s7of7liver7cancer7are7hepatitis,7fatty7liver7disease,7and7alcohol7use.7The7main7cause7of7c
ervical7cancer7is7HPV7infection.7Leukemia7is7caused7by7mutations7to7hematopoietic7ste
m7cells.
Which7of7the7following7drugs7is7classified7as7hormonal7treatment7for7breast7cancer?7-
7ans--Tamoxifen7-7
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