Mallampati class I - ANS ✓Soft palate, uvula, fauces, pillars visible
Mallampati Class II - ANS ✓Soft palate, uvula, fauces visible
Mallampati class III - ANS ✓Soft palate, base of uvula visible
Mallampati class IV - ANS ✓Hard palate only visible
Normal pulse - ANS ✓60-100 bpm
Tachycardia - ANS ✓> 100 bpm (hypoxemia, anxiety, stress, give O2)
Bradycardia - ANS ✓< 60 bpm (heart failure, shock, code emergency, give
atropine)
Adverse reaction indicator - ANS ✓Change in HR of more than 20 beats/min
Paradoxical pulse/pulsus paradoxus - ANS ✓Pulse/blood pressure varies with
respiration. EMERGENT
Paradoxical pulse/pulsus paradoxus symptom of... - ANS ✓May indicate severe
air trapping (status asthmaticus, tension pneumothorax, cardic tampanade)-felt
on exhalation EMERGENT
NBRC TMC
, 2
NBRC
Tracheal deviation (pulled) - ANS ✓Is PULLED to abnormal side (toward
pathology) in...
Atalectasis
Pneumonectomy
Diaphragmatic paralysis
Tracheal deviation (pushed) - ANS ✓Is PUSHED to normal side (away from
pathology) in...
Massive pleural effusion
Tension pneumothorax Mediastinal mass
Neck or thyroid tumors
Tactile fremitus definition - ANS ✓Vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
*Vocal fremitus - voice vibrations felt thru chest wall
*Pleural rub fremitus - grating sensation felt, roughened pleural surfaces rubbing
together
*Rhonchal fremitus - palpable rhonchi
Crepitus - ANS ✓Air under the skin, subcutaneous emphysema
Normal air filled lung percussion sound - ANS ✓Resonant, hollow sound
Atelectactic lung percussion sound - ANS ✓Flat
Dull - pleural effusion or pneumonia can cause this
Normal auscultation BS: - ANS ✓Vesicular - bilateral
NBRC TMC
, 3
NBRC
Normal bronchial sounds location: - ANS ✓Over trachea or bronchi (rhonchi in
the bronchi) = secretions
*Heard over parenchyma = consolidation
Egophony - ANS ✓Pt says EEEE but what's heard is AAAA
*Indicates consolidation, pneumonia
Bronchophony, whispered pectoriloquy definition - ANS ✓Increased intensity or
transmission of the pt's voice = consolidation & pneumonia
Coarse crackles (rales) - ANS ✓Large airway secretions
*SUCTION, COUGH
Medium crackles/rales - ANS ✓Middle airway secretions
*BRONCHIAL HYGIENE
Fine crackles (rales) - ANS ✓Alveoli, fluid
*Associated with CHF/pulmonary edema
*OXYGEN, PPV, POS INOTROPIC AGENTS, DIURETICS
Wheeze - ANS ✓High pitched whistle sound
*Caused by bronchospasm = *BRONCHODILATOR THERAPY FOR
DIFFUSE/BILATERAL
*UNILATERAL = FOREIGN BODY OBSTRUCTION --> RIGID BRONCH TO REMOVE
Stridor - ANS ✓High pitched or crowing sound
*UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
NBRC TMC
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