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NSG 552 Psychopharmacology Exam 1: Modules 1-3 (Questions & Answers)
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NSG 552 Psychopharmacology Exam 1: Modules 1-3 (Questions & Answers)
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NSG 552 Psychopharmacology Exam 1: Modules 1-3(Questions & Answers)
Pharmacokinetics Right Ans - Studies how the body acts on the drug
Pharmacodynamics Right Ans - Studies how the drug acts on the body
First-generation antipsychotic Right Ans - - first developed in the 1950s,
first available treatment for psychosis
- aka typical antipsychotics
- increased risk for EPS, Tardive dyskinesia
- d2 blocker
- Currently 11 FDA-approved and commerically available FGAs
- Most common differences between individual FGAs are their potency and
side effects
- examples include Thorazine (chlorpromazine), Haldol (haloperidol), Prolixin
(fluphenazine), perphenazine (Trilafon
Second-generation antipsychotic Right Ans - - examples include Abilify
(aripiprazole), Seroquel (quetiapine), Zyprexa (olanzapine), Risperdal
(risperidone), Clozaril (clozapine)
- lower risk of EPS symptoms compared to 1st gen
- higher risk of metabolic side effects
- serotonin-dopamine receptor antagonists
- AKA atypical antipsychotics
EPS Right Ans - Involuntary movements that occur as a side effect to
certina medications. AKA drug induced movement disorder. May include
tardive dyskinesia, dystonic reactions, parkinsons-like symptoms, akathesia,
NMD, akinesia
- Can be acute or chronic
- related to suppression of D2 dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal
pathway
Tardive dyskinesia Right Ans - - characterized by involuntary movments in
the face and body
- often induced by long-term use of anitpsychotic drugs
,- can be associated with use of other medication types (antidepressants,
lithium, antihistamines)
- more common with 1st gen antipsychotics
- movements may include: writhing, mouth puckering, tongue rolling, lip
smacking, pill rolling, tongue protrusion
Upregulation Right Ans - Refers to the activiation of the nervous system. Is
the process by which a cell increases its response to a subtance or signal from
outside the cell to carry out a specific response
downregulation Right Ans - Refers to state of calm/relation within nervous
system. Characterized by a decreased response by a cell to a molecule or
neurotransmitter.
Receptor Profiles Right Ans - FGA - Primarily D2 antagonism. Also
antagonize M2, H1, and a1 receptors
SGA - 5-HT2A & D2 antagonism. Rapid D2 dissociation. 5HT2A agonism. Also
antagonizes M2, H1, 5HT2C, and a1 receptors
Binding Right Ans - When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on a
receiving cell, it causes ion channels to open or close.
Affinity Right Ans - The property of a drug that describes its ability to bind
to a receptor
Constant
Unique for each drug-receptor pair as it is dependent on each of their
structures
CYP450 Right Ans - - membrane-bound hemoproteins that play a pivotal
role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, cellular metabolism, and homeostatis
-Inhibitition or induction of CYP enzymes is a major mechanism underlying
drug-drug interactions
- A CYP450 inhibitor prevents or reduces work by CYP450 enzymes =
decreased drug metabolism and increased risk for toxicity
- A CYP450 inducer increases rate of hepatic metabolism = decreased serum
concentation of other drugs metabolized by the same hepatic isoenzyme
Grapefruit juice is an inhibtior, which can increase serum levels of certain
drugs
, Dopamine Pathways Right Ans - - mesolimbic (positive sx)
- mesocortical (negative sx)
- nigrostriatal (EPS)
- tuberoinfundibular (prolactin)
Metabolic Syndrome Right Ans - cluster of conditions that incerase risk for
T2DM and cardiovascular disease (obesity, HTN, high triglycerides, low HDL,
insulin resistance)
-increased risk for metabolic syndrome found with some antipsychotic
medications, primarily SGA
High Potency vs Low Potency Right Ans - High potency: higher risk for
EPS/hyperprolactinemia. Effective at lower doses. Haldol, risperdal, prolixin,
olanzapine
Low potency: more sedating with more anticholinergic symptoms. Thorazine,
seroquel, clozaril, geodon
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) Right Ans - - Life threatening
- occur with use of dopamine receptor antagonists or when dopaminergic
medidcation are suddenly withdrawn
- sx usually begin within 2 wks of starting a new med or changing dose.
- Characterized by fever, AMS, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfuncton
- Dantrolene sodium is FDA approved to treat. Muscle relaxant that reduces
hyperthermia/muscle stiffness
QTC interval Right Ans - -measurement of the left ventricle's repolarization
efficiency on ECG.
- usually 350-450 (men), 360-460 (women)
-associated with life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias
-antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs can prolong QT intervals, some more
than others
The study of the use of psychotropic medications in the treatment of
psychiatric disorders: Right Ans - Psychopharmacology
The study of what the body does to drugs: Right Ans - Pharmacokinetics
The study of what drugs do to the body: Right Ans - Pharmacodynamics
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