Exam (elaborations)
CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM| 231 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
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CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM| 231 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS....
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chlorophyll - ANSWER green pigment that enables photosynthesisendoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER transports substances throughout the cell
like a highway
ribosomes - ANSWER links amino acids together to make proteins
nucleus - ANSWER houses the DNA, directs all cellular activities
golgi body - ANSWER modifies substances prior to delivery throughout the
cell
lysosome - ANSWER digestive enzymes in these sacs break down large
particles
mitochondria - ANSWER breaks down food and makes ATP for the cell
cell wall - ANSWER provides strength and rigidity to plant cells, not present
in animal cells
cell membrane - ANSWER gives the cell shape and controls what comes in
and out
vacuole - ANSWER storage areas for necessary materials and wastes
photosynthesis - ANSWER conversion of light energy from the sun into
chemical energy in the form of organic compounds, primarily carbohydrates;
CO2 + H2O yields C6 H12 O6 and O2
respiration - ANSWER ATP is a product of this reaction; oxygen + glucose
broken down by mitochondria ----> CO2 and H2O and ATP
passive transport - ANSWER movement of materials across the cell membrane
that requires no energy
diffusion - ANSWER the movement of a substance from where there is more
of it to where there is less - air freshener
, osmosis - ANSWER movement of water across a membrane from where there
is more to where there is less - vegetables placed in cold water will absorb it,
making them crunchy and crisp
facilitated diffusion - ANSWER a substance moving across the membrane is
aided by another molecule - sodium ions help glucose pass through the
membrane to get to mitochondria
active transport - ANSWER movement of materials across the membrane that
requires energy to do so, in the form of ATP
endocytosis - ANSWER the cell changes its shape to engulf large particles -
white blood cell eating bacteria
exocytosis - ANSWER wastes are removed from the inside of the cell by
connecting a waste vacuole with the membrane
catalase - ANSWER an enzyme that speeds up the reduction of hydrogen
peroxide
cytoplasm - ANSWER the region of the cell that is within the plasma
membrane and that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles
except the nucleus
selectively permeable - ANSWER type of membrane that will allow certain
molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion, facilitated diffusion, passive
transport, or active transport
homeostasis - ANSWER a condition of biological balance, living things have a
variety of strategies for keeping things steady - body temperature, heart rate,
fluid levels, various hormones
enzymes - ANSWER special proteins that speed up chemical reactions that
would otherwise not take place
ATP - ANSWER made by mitochondria in respiration and is required for
active transport, transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism
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