AMR Final Exam 2024 Questions & Answers 100% Correct!!
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Course
AMR
Institution
AMR
Antimicrobial Resistance - ANSWERSAbility of microorganism to stop an antimicrobial from working against it
Community-Acquired Infection - ANSWERSInfection acquired from communal setting
Healthcare-Acquired Infection - ANSWERS-Nosocomial Infection
-Infection caught in healthcare setting
M...
AMR Final Exam 2024 Questions &
Answers 100% Correct!!
Antimicrobial Resistance - ANSWERSAbility of microorganism to stop an antimicrobial
from working against it
Community-Acquired Infection - ANSWERSInfection acquired from communal setting
Healthcare-Acquired Infection - ANSWERS-Nosocomial Infection
-Infection caught in healthcare setting
Multilocus Sequence Typing - ANSWERSMethod of isolating bacterial isolate by
measuring DNA sequence variation in housekeeping genes
Most Probable Number - ANSWERSMethod to estimate number of bacteria in liquid
sample based on number of dilutions needed to detect no growth
Synergistic Effect - ANSWERSCombined potency of combination drugs higher than
sum of individual potencies
Pan-Resistance - ANSWERSBacteria that are resistant to last-reserve antibiotics
AMR Consequences in Healthcare - ANSWERS-Higher hospital costs
-Increased mortality
-Increasing AMR
AMR Contributors - ANSWERS-Antibiotic Use
-Lack of antibiotics
-Poor sanitation
-Use in agriculture
-Inadequate infection controls in healthcare facilities
Antibiotic Use - ANSWERSIncreases risk for other infections
,Antibiotic Overuse - ANSWERS25-75% of prescriptions not necessary
Antibiotic Use in Farming - ANSWERS-Growth promoters
-Infection control
FDA in 1951 - ANSWERSApproved antibiotic use for farming
Antibiotic Use in Animals - ANSWERS70% of antibiotics
UN in 2016 - ANSWERSDeclared antibiotic use in animals leading cause of resistance
Agricultural Antibiotic Consequences - ANSWERS-Enhanced AMR
-Transmission of resistant bacteria to humans
-Contamination of environment
-Emergence of novel AMR
-Negative effects on human health
Problems with Eliminating Antibiotics in Agriculture - ANSWERS-Loss of profit
-Ease of access
Major Reservoirs of AMR - ANSWERS-Food Animals
-Pets
-Humans
Transmission of AMR in Air - ANSWERS-Soil
-Leaves
-Water
-Humans
-Wastewater
-Waste
-Compost
Colony Forming Units - ANSWERSEstimates number of viable bacteria assuming 1
bacterium = 1 colony
AMR Water Transmission - ANSWERS-10-90% excreted as urine
-Wastewater sludge and manure used as fertiliser
Human Exposure from Environment - ANSWERS-What we eat
-Where we live
-What we do
-What we drink
Ernest Duchesne - ANSWERS-First discovery of penicillin
-1897
, Alexander Fleming - ANSWERS-Rediscovery of penicillin
-1928
Cecil George Paine - ANSWERS1st clinical use of penicillin using crude extracts
Howard Florey - ANSWERSSuccessfully isolated penicillin and demonstrated clinical
potential
Ernest Chain - ANSWERS-Vital in isolation of penicillin
-1940: penicillin as chemotherapeutic agent
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin - ANSWERS-Discovered structure of penicillin using X-ray
crystallography
-1945
Beta-Lactam Mechanism - ANSWERSBind and inhibit PBP to stop D-ala-D-ala linkage
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