Consequences of AMR - ANSWERShigher medical costs
prolonged hospitalization
increased mortality
Factors contributing to AMR in healthcare - ANSWERS-*antibiotic underuse* :not finishing prescribed dosage
-*use*:increases risk for other infections i.e. C.diff
-*overuse*-given when not needed, ...
AMR Exam 1 Questions & Answers 100%
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Consequences of AMR - ANSWERShigher medical costs
prolonged hospitalization
increased mortality
Factors contributing to AMR in healthcare - ANSWERS-*antibiotic underuse* :not
finishing prescribed dosage
-*use*:increases risk for other infections i.e. C.diff
-*overuse*-given when not needed, wrong dose,etc
-lack of antibiotics
-poor sanitation/hygiene
-use in agriculture
-inadequate infection controls in health care facilities
Time it takes from the introduction of a new antibiotic to the development of resistance -
ANSWERS8 years
Why use antibiotics in farming? - ANSWERS-growth promoters: antibiotics are known to
increase animal weight
-infection control: cheaper alternative to hygiene maintenance
In ____, the FDA approved first antibiotics for the use in poultry, pork, and beef growth
promotion - ANSWERS1951
It is estimated that ___% of all antibiotics in the US are used in animals - ANSWERS70
In _____, the UN general Assembly announced that the use of antibiotics in animals is
the leading cause of the antibiotic-resistance crisis - ANSWERS2016
MutiLovus Sequence Typing (MLST) - ANSWERSa method of identifying bacterial
isolates by directly measuring the DNA sequence variation in housekeeping genes, i.e.
E. faecalis ST16
Why isn't is easy to eliminate antibiotic use from farm animals? What can be done to
reduce the use? - ANSWERS-loss of profit to farm companies
- uncontrolled access to antibiotics
- global regulations, nutritional guidelines, user fee on antimicrobial use
Major reservoirs of antibiotic resistance in the environment - ANSWERS-food animals
-pets
, -humans in the community
-hospitalized patients
True or false: antibiotic resistant bacteria occur naturally in soil - ANSWERSTrue
True or false: 10-90% of antibiotics are excreted in urine and feces, leading to
constantly increasing concentration of antibiotics in aquatic environments -
ANSWERSTrue
Citrus greening disease? How to combat emergence of new antibiotic resistance? -
ANSWERS-isolate disease free tree, relocate them, use them to make new disease free
antibiotic free tree
-use another antibiotic that is not compatible with humans
-phage treatment
Who discovered the antimicrobial property of Penicillium mold?
in what year? - ANSWERSErnest Duchesne, 1897
*his discovery went unnoticed and forgotten
Who "re-discovered" penicillin? - ANSWERSAlexander Fleming
Who published work in ____ on Penicillin as a chemotherapeutic agent? -
ANSWERSChain and Florey, 1940
What year did penicillin, the miracle drug, become commercially available (w/o a
prescription)? - ANSWERS1943
Who won the nobel prize in 1945 for penicillin? - ANSWERSFleming, Florey, Chain
Antibiotics are not_________, they are ___________. - ANSWERSdeveloped,
discovered
Who solved the structure of penicillin using x-ray crystallography? year? -
ANSWERSDorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, 1945
Beta-lactam structure - ANSWERShouse with attached garage
beta-lactam ring is the attached garage, a 4 member ring
B-lactam antibiotics mimic the shape of________ - ANSWERSD-ala-D-ala, the
substrate of bacterial cell wall transpeptidases
D-ala-d-ala is a substrate of _________ - ANSWERSPBP is a transpeptidase
PBP function - ANSWERScatalyzes the cross linking between glycan chains by
attaching to the D-ala-d-ala and removing an alanine
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