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2024 NR 507 WEEK 4-8 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NR 507 WEEK 4-8 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NR 507 WEEK 4-8 EXAM WITHCORRECT ANSWERS
Lower Urinary Tract Infections
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes:
A. Fever
B. Urgency
C. Flank pain
D. Decreased Urination - CORRECT ANSWERS- Urgency is a symptom of lower tract
UTI..
Complicated Urinary Tract Infections
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection?
A. Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
B. It is usually asymptomatic
C. Is associated with young adults
D. Bacteria is located mostly in the lower urinary tract - CORRECT ANSWERS- A
complicated UTI can be caused by a structural issue in the urinary tract.
Urinary Tract Infection
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract
infection (UTI)?
A. Perimenopause
B. Frequent showering
C. Pregnancy
,D. Marathon running - CORRECT ANSWERS- Pregnancy is a risk factor the
development of a UTI.
Steroid Hormones
Which of the following is an example of a steroid hormone?
A. Glucagon.
B. Insulin.
C. Thyroxine.
D. Testosterone. - CORRECT ANSWERS- The only steroid hormone listed is
testosterone.
Parathyroid Glands
The parathyroid glands are located on the anterior lobe of the thyroid gland.
True
False - CORRECT ANSWERS- False: They are located on the posterior lobes of the
thyroid gland.
Urinary Tract Infections
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having a
shorter urethra.
True
False - CORRECT ANSWERS- True: Women have a shorter urethra that puts them at
higher risk for developing a UTI.
Preventing UTIs
Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI?
A. Use spermicides during sexual intercourse
,B. Taking more Vitamin D
C. Douching to prevent the growth of bacteria
D. Increase water consumption - CORRECT ANSWERS- Increase water consumption.
Water consumption prevents UTI as it keeps bacteria flushed out of the urinary
tract.
Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are commonly seen in clinical practice. Bacteria from
the gut can invade the urinary epithelium to cause inflammation and infection
anywhere along the urinary tract such as the urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidney.
Some individuals are predisposed to developing a UTI. It is more common for
women to develop a UTI especially when pregnant, sexually active, during post-
menopause with estrogen-deficiency and when being treated with antibiotics where
the normal bacteria flora is diminished. Although less common, men may develop a
lower UTI. An upper UTI is less common in men due to the longer urethra and ureter
structures that make it more difficult for bacteria to reach the kidney. An indwelling
urinary catheter can also contribute the development of a UTI. Finally, individuals
who experience urinary obstruction, diabetes or neurogenic bladder are also at risk
for de - CORRECT ANSWERS-
UTI Risk Factors
There are several risk factors that predispose individuals to the development of a
UTI. For women, pregnancy is a risk factor. During pregnancy, progesterone relaxes
smooth muscle that causes stasis of urine, allowing the bacteria to colonize. Also,
the female ureter is shorter and allows for the entrance of bacteria into the urethra.
Post-menopausal women are also at risk for developing a UTI. The lack of estrogen
results in vaginal and urethral dryness that promotes an environment for bacteria to
grow. Sexual intercourse also contributes to the development of a UTI where
bacteria can be easily introduced into the urethra. If spermicides are used during
sexual intercourse, this also puts the woman at risk for a UTI.
Indwelling urinary catheterization is also a major cause of a UTI, especially in
females. The catheter itself can introduce infections directly into the bladder. The
bacteria will coloni - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Lower vs. Upper Tract Disorders
, A UTI can be discussed in terms of its location. Note that a UTI can occur anywhere
along the urinary tract and can be associated with another issue in the area. For
example, if the infection occurs at the opening of the urethra, then the condition is
termed urethritis. Overall, cystitis is a condition of the lower urinary tract that
denotes a bladder infection. Cystitis can occur in both females and males. In males,
the cystitis may be associated with prostatitis.
Recognizing the signs and symptoms of the UTI is important in categorizing it as
either a lower or upper urinary tract disorder. In a lower urinary tract disorder, the
individual experiences urgency associated with burning on urination. Other common
symptoms of a lower UTI is frequency, dysuria, and suprapubic pain. The urine may
also appear cloudy and have an odor.
An infection of the lower urinary tract can progress to an - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Uncomplicated vs. Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
A UTI may be classified as complicated or uncomplicated in terms of its severity. An
uncomplicated UTI indicates that the urinary tract and renal function is normal. In a
complicated UTI, there is decreased renal function and an abnormal urinary tract. In
differentiating between a lower and upper UTI above, the presence of WBC casts
indicates the presence of kidney involvement which requires a more complicated
treatment plan. The patient is also at higher risk for extensive and permanent
kidney damage as well as sepsis. If sepsis is suspected, a blood culture may be
drawn to identify the causative organism or rule it out.
The severity of the UTI can also be determined based on the interventions that are
necessary to treat the infection. The more intervention required, the more
complicated the infection. In general, individuals are treated for a UTI only whe -
CORRECT ANSWERS- Uncomplicated UTI
Occurs in the normal urinary tract
Simple cystitis in non-pregnant women without any urologic abnormalities
Responds well to a short course of antibiotic therapy
Complicated UTI
A UTI that extends beyond the bladder
Caused by structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities or untreated UTI
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