BIO 171 Exam Questions With Verified And
Updated Answers
Meiosis 2 - answer✔Equational division, the second stage of meotic cell division, in which the number of
chromosomes is unchanged.
Amino Acid - answer✔An organic molecule containing a central carbon atom, a carboxyl group, an
amino group, a hydrogen atom, and a side chain. Building blocks of proteins.
Archaea - answer✔One of the three domains of life, consisting of single-celled organisms without true
chromosomes or a nucleus that divide by binary fission, differing from bacteria in many aspects of their
cell and molecular biology.
Codon - answer✔A group of three adjacent nucleotides that specifies an amino acid in a protein or that
terminates polypeptide synthesis.
Bacteria - answer✔One of the three domains of life, consisting of single-celled organisms without true
chromosomes or a nucleus that divide by binary fission, differing from archaeons in many aspects of
their cell and molecular biology.
Homozygous - answer✔Describes an individual who inherits an allele of the same type from each
parent, or a genotype in which both alleles for a given gene are the same.
Carbohydrate - answer✔An organic molecule containing C, H, and O atoms that provides a source of
energy for metabolism and that makes up the cell wall in bacteria, plants, and algae.
Heterozygous - answer✔Describes an individual who inherits different types of alleles from the parents,
or genotypes in which the two alleles for a given gene are different.
Causation - answer✔A relationship in which one event leads to another.
Metaphase 2 - answer✔The stage of meiosis II in which the chromosomes line up so that their
centromeres lie on an imaginary plane cutting across the spindle.
F1 Cross - answer✔Cross between two F1 generations
Cell Membrane - answer✔A thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Codominance - answer✔A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Control Group - answer✔Operations or observations that are set up in such a way that the researcher
knows in advance what result should be expected if everything in the study is working properly
Complete Dominance - answer✔A relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another
Correlation - answer✔The co-occurrence of two events or processes; correlation does not imply
causation.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) - answer✔A linear polymer of four subunits; the information archive in all
organisms.
Dihybrid Cross - answer✔A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene
Eukarya - answer✔One of the three domains of life, consisting of cells with a true nucleus containing
chromosomes that divide by mitosis; cells of Eukarya are eukaryotes.
Incomplete Dominance - answer✔Describes inheritance in which the phenotype of the heterozygous
genotype is intermediate between those of homozygous genotypes.
Mitochondrial Inheritance - answer✔X-linked; mother passes to all children but affected males do not
pass to offspring; mutations result in diseases associated with cellular energy maintenance
Eukaryote - answer✔A cell with a true nucleus containing chromosomes that divide by mitosis.
Euryarchaeota - answer✔One of the three major divisions of Archaea; includes acid-loving, heat-loving,
methane-producing, and salt-loving microorganisms.
Maternal Inheritance - answer✔Genes that are inherited only from the mother, such as mitochondrial
genes (all organelles come only from the ovum).
Fecal Transplant - answer✔A fecal sample inserted into large intestine, through rectum, to cure
Clostridium difficile
Segregation - answer✔Separate; applies to chromosomes or members of a gene pair moving into
different gametes.
Gene - answer✔The unit of heredity; the stretch of DNA that affects one or more traits in an organism,
usually through an encoded protein or noncoding RNA.
Insertion - answer✔A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.
Deletion - answer✔A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.
Genetic Code - answer✔The correspondence between codons and amino acids, in which 20 amino acids
are specified by 64 codons.
Duplication - answer✔An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or
mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a
homologous chromosome.
2|Page
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller TheStar. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
