Fundamentals of Nursing: Chapter 40: Fluid,
Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance. Exam
Questions With Verified And Updated
Answers
A nurse monitoring a client's IV infusion auscultates the client's lung sounds and finds crackles
in the bases of lungs that were previously clear. What would be the appropriate intervention in
this situation?
a) Check all clamps on the tubing and check tubing for any kinking.
b) Notify the primary care provider immediately because these are signs of speed shock.
c) Notify the primary care provider immediately for possible fluid overload.
d) No intervention is necessary as this is a normal finding with IV infusion. - answer✔Correct
response: Notify the primary care provider immediately for possible fluid overload.
Explanation: If the client's lung sounds were previously clear, but now some crackles in the
bases are auscultated, notify the primary care provider immediately. The client may be
exhibiting signs of fluid overload. Be prepared to tell the health care provider what the past
intake and output totals were, as well as the vital signs and pulse oximetry findings of the client.
The client is admitted to the nurse's unit with a diagnosis of heart failure. His heart is not
pumping effectively, which is resulting in edema and coarse crackles in his lungs. The term for
this condition is which of the following?
d) Atelectasis - answer✔Correct response: Fluid volume excess
Explanation:
A common cause of fluid volume excess is failure of the heart to function as a pump, resulting
in accumulation of fluid in the lungs and dependent parts of the body. Fluid volume deficit does
not manifest itself as edema and abnormal lung sounds, but results in poor skin turgor, sunken
eyes, and dry mucous membranes. Atelectasis is a collapse of the lung and does not have to do
with fluid abnormalities. Myocardial infarction results from a blocked coronary artery and may
result in heart failure, but is not a term for fluid volume excess.
The primary extracellular electrolytes are:
a) Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate
b) Phosphorous, calcium, and phosphate
c) Magnesium, sulfate, and carbon
d) Potassium, phosphate, and sulfate - answer✔Explanation: The primary extracellular
electrolytes are sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate.
Mr Powell, a dehydrated 35 year old has intravenous fluid running at 250 cc/h. for rapid
rehydration. He is complaining of burning at the site. You see no redness, swelling, heat, or
coolness upon inspection. You suspect
a) Infiltration
b) That the fluid is infusing too rapidly for comfort
c) That something is wrong with the IV fluid
d) Phlebitis - answer✔Explanation:
The fluid is infusing too rapidly. You should slow the infusion to 200 cc/h.
When a client age 80 years who takes diuretics for management of hypertension informs the
nurse that she takes laxatives daily to promote bowel movements, the nurse assesses the client
for possible symptoms of what?
a) Hypothyroidism
b) Hypoglycemia
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