Fluid & Electrolyte Balance. Exam Questions
With Verified And Updated Answers
60% - answer✔how much percent of a healthy human body is composed of water?
1. medium for metabolic reactions with cells
2. transporter of waste products and other stuff
3. insulator or shock absorber
4. helps regulate body temperature - answer✔what are the 4 main functions of water in the
body?
1. age: babies (70-80%) > elderly (50%)
2. sex: men > women
3. size: muscle holds more water > fat - answer✔3 factors that affect total body water and how
it affects it (3)
1. intracellular fluid
-in the cells, 2/3 total, has oxygen electrolytes and glucose. provides environment for
metabolic processes of cell to take place
2. extracellular fluid
-outside of cells, 1/2 total, transport system that carries nutrients to and waste products away
from the cells. - answer✔how is body fluid distributed in the body, 2 major components and
their functions
1. intravascular fluid (20%) plasma, blood
2. interstitial fluid (70%) increase -> edema
3. transcellular fluid (10%) CSF, pericardial, pancreatic, pleural, intraocular, biliary, peritonial,
synovial - answer✔EFC is divided into three compartments, what are they and give examples of
each (3)
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ions, electrolytes - answer✔ICF & ECF contain _____ which are charged particles, in the human
body they're called _________
cation, anion - answer✔a _____ is an ion that carries a + charged, _______ carries a - charge
Na+, K+, Ca2+ - answer✔3 cations
Cl-, HCO3- (bicarb) - answer✔3 anions
mEq/L, mg/100mL - answer✔K and Na are measured in ______, Mg is measured in _______
Na+, Cl-, HCO3- - answer✔3 principle electrolytes found in ECF
K+, Mg+, phosphate - answer✔3 principle electrolytes in ICF
osmolality - answer✔concentration of solutes in body fluids
tonicity - answer✔osmolality of a solution
isotonic;
-0.9% NaCl (normal saline)
-lactated ringers - answer✔____________ has the SAME osmolality/concentration as body
fluids, give 2 examples of IV fluids
dehydration, blood loss - answer✔give 2 situations when you would need to give ISOTONIC IV's
hypertonic;
-5% dextrose in NS (D5NS), 3% NS - answer✔___________ has a HIGHER
osmolality/concentration than body fluids, give 2 examples of IV fluids
stroke/cerebral edema (fluid needs to be sucked out of cells) - answer✔list one situation in
which you would have to give a HYPERTONIC IV
hypotonic;
-0.45% NaCl (1/2 NS)
-0.33 NaCl (1/2 NS)
-D5W (DKA) - answer✔___________ has a LOWER osmolality/concentration than body fluids,
give 3 examples of IV fluids
promotes waste elimination, treats cell dehydration - answer✔what do HYPOTONIC solutions
do (2)
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