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HOSA NUTRITION WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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HOSA NUTRITION WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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HOSA NUTRITION WATER ANDELECTROLYTE BALANCE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Water is a component of - Answer-all body cells and the major component of blood
plasma. It is a solvent for nutrients and waste products and helps
How much of a normal adult body weight is water - Answer-50-60%
Body water is divided into two basic compartments - Answer-intracellular and
extracellular
Intracellular fluid (ICF) is water within - Answer-the cells and accounts for about 65% of
total body fluid
Extracellular fluid (ECF) is water - Answer-outside the cells and accounts for about 35%
of total body fluid, with 26% being from interstitial fluid and 9% coming from
intravascular fluid
Extracellular fluid is made up of - Answer-intravascular and interstitial fluids.
Interstitial fluid - Answer-fluid between cells
Solvent - Answer-liquid part of a solution
Functions of water - Answer-Component of all body tissues providing structure and
form, Solvent for nutrients and body wastes and helps transfer both to and from body
cells through blood and chemical reactions, Provides transport for nutrients and wastes
via the blood and lymphatic system, Essential for hydrolysis and thus metabolism,
Lubricant in joints and in digestion, Helps regulate body temperature by evaporation of
perspiration, Serves as a shock absorber and sometimes mineral elements
Source of water - Answer-drinking water is the best source, beverages of all types are
the second-best source, also found in foods, especially fruits, vegetables, soups, milk,
and gelatin desserts
What does energy metabolism produce? - Answer-water, When carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins are metabolized, their end products include carbon dioxide and water
Homeostasis - Answer-state of physical balance; stable condition
For homeostasis to occur - Answer-the body must be in fluid and electrolyte balance.
This means the water lost by healthy individuals through urination, feces, perspiration,
, and the respiratory tract must be replaced in terms of both volume and electrolyte
content.
milliequivalents/liter (mEg/L) - Answer-what electrolytes are measured in, the
concentration of electrolytes in a solution
Noticeable water loss - Answer-water lost through urination
Unnoticed water loss - Answer-feces, perspiration, and respiration
How much water must the body excrete per day in order to get rid of waste products
from metabolism - Answer-500 ml of water a urine
What illnesses can result in large losses of water and electrolytes - Answer-vomiting
and diarrhea, addressed quickly.
Environmental factor (with fluid imbalance) - Answer-exposure to sun or high
atmospheric temperatures
Personal behavior (with fluid imbalance in deficit) - Answer-fasting, fad diets, exercise
without adequate fluid replacement
Personal behavior (with fluid imbalance in excess) - Answer-excessive sodium or water
intake, venous compression due to pregnancy
Psychological influences (with fluid imbalance with deficit) - Answer-Decreased
motivation to drink due to fatigue or depression, Excessive use of Laxatives, Enemas,
Alcohol, Caffeine
Psychological influences (with fluid imbalance with excess) - Answer-low protein intake
due to anorexia
Consequences of diseases (with fluid imbalance with deficit) - Answer-Fluid losses due
to Fever, Wound drainage, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Heavy menstrual flow, Burns or Difficulty
swallowing due to Oral pain, Fatigue, Neuromuscular weakness or Excessive urinary
output due to uncontrolled, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes insipidus
Consequences of diseases (with fluid imbalance with excess) - Answer-Fluid retention
due to Renal failure, Cardiac conditions, Congestive heart failure, Valvular diseases,
Left ventricular failure, Cirrhosis, Cancer, Impaired venous return
Osmosis of water - Answer-flows from the side with the lesser amount of solute to the
side with the greater solute concentration.
What electrolytes maintain fluid balance - Answer-sodium, chloride, and potassium are
the solutes
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