JMU BIO 140 Exam2 Questions AndAnswers Already Graded A+
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JMU BIO 140
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JMU BIO 140 Exam2 Questions AndAnswers Already Graded A+What occurs to the two strands of the parental duplex during replication? - Answer
they separate
Is replication conservative, semi-conservative, or dispersive? - Answer semi- conservative
What does it mean to be conservative? - Answer the o...
JMU BIO 140 Exam 2 Questions And
Answers Already Graded A+
What occurs to the two strands of the parental duplex during replication? - Answer
they separate
Is replication conservative, semi-conservative, or dispersive? - Answer semi-
conservative
What does it mean to be conservative? - Answer the original DNA is kept and an
exact replica is made
What does it mean for DNA is be dispersive? - Answer parts of the old and new DNA
are chopped together
What does it mean for DNA to be semi-conservative? - Answer each new daughter
DNA is one old strand and one new strand
What was the experiment that proved semi-conservative? - Answer Meselsohn and
Stahl experiment
What was the Meselsohn and Stahl experiment? - Answer -DNA was labeled with
N15 to create heavy DNA
-After one round of replication the parent strand still contained heavy DNA but the
daughter strand contains light nitrogen
- After two rounds, half of the DNA had heavy strand and a lighter strand and the
other half had both lighter strands
What new technology confirmed the Meselsohn and Stahl experiment? - Answer
fluorescent nucleotides
What energy is used to add nucleotides to a daughter strand? - Answer the breaking
of the phosphate bonds from the nucleotide
Nucleotides are added to what end of the daughter strand? - Answer 3' end
The template strand goes from what end to what end? - Answer 3' to 5'
The daughter strand goes from what end to what end? - Answer 5' to 3'
Where does new DNA synthesis occur? - Answer replication forks
How many replication forks are there in a replication bubble? - Answer two
The lagging strand is away or towards the fork? - Answer away
The leading strand is away or towards the fork? - Answer towards
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How many DNA polymerase are used in a replication bubble? - Answer 4
Replication forks are ________. - Answer asymmetrical
Define okazaki fragments - Answer The noncontinuous segments of newly
synthesized DNA along the lagging strand
What are the steps of replication? - Answer -unwinding of the DNA duplex
-elongation occurs from 5' to 3' on the template strand
-DNA polymerase extends the RNA primer
-A different DNA polymerase removes the primer and replaced with DNA
-fragments of the discontinuous strand are ligated with DNA ligase
What does RNA primase do? - Answer lays down an RNA primer
How many RNA primers are on the leading strand? - Answer one
How many RNA primers are on the lagging strand? - Answer multiple
What does DNA polumerase do? - Answer extends the RNA primer
What does helicase do? - Answer unwinds the DNA duplex
What does topoisomerase II do? - Answer relieves the stress of the unwinding DNA
What does single-stranded binding proteins do? - Answer stabilize single strands of
DNA
What occurs when the okazaki fragments are being synthesized? - Answer the
lagging strand forms a loop that persists until the new lagging strand encounters the
previous fragment
What helps the DNA when an nucleotide is added incorrectly? - Answer the
proofreading function of DNA polymerase removes the incorrect nucleotide
What is the main difference in replication between eukaryotic chromosomes and
prokaryotic chromosomes? - Answer eukaryotic chromosomes have multiple origins
of replication and prokaryotic chromosomes have one
How does replication start in circular chromosomes? - Answer starts at the origin and
moves around the circular chromosome in both directions
What type of organism has circular chromosome? - Answer bacteria
What occurs every time DNA is replicated? - Answer the strand gets slightly shorter
What helps keep DNA from shortening in every replication? - Answer telomeres and
teomerase
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What are the steps of telomeres and telomerase that help with replicating
chromosomal ends? - Answer -terminal part of the telomere in the template DNA
strand remains unreplicated
-telomerase enzyme contains an RNA template that allows the shortened 3' end of
the template strand to be restored by the addition of more telomere repeats
-a new segment of lagging strand can be formed so that the original telomere in the
template strand is comepletely restored
What is PCR? - Answer repeated rounds of DNA replication in a test tube
What are the three steps in PCR? - Answer -denaturation
-annealing
-extension
What is denaturation? - Answer heating to separate the DNA into two individual
strands
What is annealing? - Answer when the solution is cooled, the two primers anneal to
their complementary sequence on the strands of the template duplex
What is extension? - Answer DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strand by
extending primers in a 5' to 3' direction
What is the equation for PCR copies? - Answer 2^n
What does gel electrophoresis do? - Answer separates DNA fragments according to
size
How do DNA fragments move in gel electrophoresis? - Answer towards the positive
pole according to their size
How do smaller or larger DNA fragments move in gel electrophoresis? - Answer
smaller fragments move faster and larger ones move slower
What is the difference between deoxynuxleotide and dideoxynucleotide? - Answer
dideoxynucleotide lacks 3' hydroxyl group
What occurs when a dideoxynucleotide is added? - Answer the DNA strand can't be
elongated
Define DNA replication - Answer process of duplicating a DNA molecule, during
which the parental strands separate and new partner strands are made
Define template strand - Answer the parental strand whose sequence is used to
synthesize a complementary daughter strand
Define daughter strand - Answer the strand synthesized from parental template
strand
What is usually the sequence for telomere? - Answer 3′-GGGATT-5'
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