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2024 NR 507 FINAL EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NR 507 FINAL EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NR 507 FINAL EXAM WITH 100%CORRECT ANSWERS
Ischemic penumbra - CORRECT ANSWERS- ischemic but not infarcted (salvageable)
tissue. Peri-infarct tissue.
-no structural damage
Dermatomes - CORRECT ANSWERS- area of the skin that is mainly supplied by
branches of a single spinal sensory nerve root. These spinal sensory nerves enter
the nerve root at the spinal cord, and their branches reach to the periphery of the
body.
Substance release at the synapse - CORRECT ANSWERS- Acetylcholine- Excitatory
or inhibitory- alzheimers
Effects of increased aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWERS- increase in salt and water
reabsorption into the bloodstream from the kidney thereby increasing the blood
volume, restoring salt levels and blood pressure.
Which osmoreceptors stimulate thirst and release of ADH? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
hypothalamic osmoreceptors send impulses via neural afferents to the posterior
pituitary,
Systemic manifestation of infection - CORRECT ANSWERS- inflammation, fever,
shock
Results of sustained controlled HTN - CORRECT ANSWERS- hyline sclerosis,
atherosclerosis, CAD, CHF, retinal changes, renal disease, stroke, dementia,
encephalopathy
,High risk for fungal and parasitic infection - CORRECT ANSWERS- those with
weakened immune system
Impact of defect in natriuretic hormones on renal system - CORRECT ANSWERS-
increase in glomerular filtration rate, inhibition of Na+-transport, and suppression of
Norepi- Excitatory or inhibitory- sleep/wake cycle, SYNS transmission
Dopa- Excitatory (h1 and h2 receptors) and inhibitory (H3 receptors). parkinson
disease
Spondylolysis - CORRECT ANSWERS- structural defect (degeneration, fracture, or
developmental defect) in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch (the joining
of the vertebral body to the posterior structures). The lumbar spine at L5 is affected
most often.
-Heredity
-Other congenital spinal defects
motor and sensory areas of the brain - CORRECT ANSWERS- Parietal lobe- major
area for somatic sensory input, located along the postcentral gyrus. which is
adjacent to the primary motor area in the precentral gyrus.
Primary motor area (Brodmann area 4)- located along the precentral gyrus forming
the primary voluntary motor area (homunculus) (little man).
Association fibers provide communication between sensory and motor
Cerebral infarction - CORRECT ANSWERS- ischemic- white infarct (affected area is
pale and soft 6-12 hours after). necrosis appears by 48 to 72 hours.
, Infiltration of macrophages and phagocytosis of necrotic tissue. necrosis resolves
around the 2nd week. glial scarring.
excitotoxins - CORRECT ANSWERS- Toxins (usually amino acids) that overstimulate
glutamate release and cause neuron suicide.
Agnosia - CORRECT ANSWERS- the inability to recognize familiar objects.
-tactile/spatial-parietal lobe
-Gerstmann syndrome (loss of spatial orientation of fingers, body, sides and #s)- L
angular gyrus (Parieral)
-Object- Temporo-occipital area
-Associated with CVAs
Subarachnoid hemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWERS- Bleeding into the subarachnoid
space, where the cerebrospinal fluid circulates.
-ruptured intracranial aneurysm/trauma
-IICP/irritates meningeal tissues/produces inflammation, blood coats nerve roots,
impairs CSF circulation
-compensatory increase in SBP
Meningitis - CORRECT ANSWERS- Bacterial- Meningococcus and S. pneumococcus
bacteria are most common
Viral- Specific pathogen cannot be found in CSF
Prostate cancer prevention - CORRECT ANSWERS- -Eat a low fat diet
- Slow growing cancer so DRE and PSA testing prevents
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