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GLPH 271 FINAL EXAM MOD 3-4 questions with correct answers
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GLPH 271 FINAL EXAM MOD 3-4 questions with correct answers
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GLPH 271 FINAL EXAM MOD 3-4questions with correct answers
The achievements towards the MDGs in the MDG 2015 report: - correct answer ✔✔1. A significant
decline in global poverty; the number of people living in extreme poverty declined by more than half.
2. An increased primary school net enrolment rate in the developing regions.
3. A decline in the under-five mortality rate globally, by more than half.
4. A decline in the maternal mortality rate worldwide.
5. An increase in the number of girls attending school globally and elimination of the gender disparity in
primary, secondary, and tertiary education.
According to the MDG report, what populations are left behind and what are the major challenges? -
correct answer ✔✔1. The persistence of gender inequality.
2. Big gaps between the poorest and richest households, and between the rural and urban area.
3. The persistence of conflict as the biggest threat of human development.
4. The disproportinate impact of climate change and environmental degradation on people living in
poverty results in great suffering, and undermines the progres acheived.
5. The millions of people still living in poverty and hunger, without access to basic services.
How does child mortality relate to income of a country? How has child mortality changed over time? -
correct answer ✔✔Child mortality is inversely related to income. Child mortality is lower in countries
with a higher income (gross domestic product per person). Globally, child mortality has decreased over
time.
The Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) - correct answer ✔✔The MDGs were set in 2000 and were to
be acheived by 2015. The MDGs had measurement data associated with them that dated back to 1990.
,They included: (1) eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, (2) achieve universal primary education, (3)
promote gender equality and empower women, (4) reduce child mortality, (5) improve maternal health,
(6) combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases, (7) ensure environmental sustainability, (8) a global
partnership for development.
According to the MDG report, what are the two SDoHs that negatively affect people's health globally? -
correct answer ✔✔Gender Inequality and Income Gap.
(1) Compared to men, women face greater discrimination in access to work, access to economic assets,
and participation in private and public decision-making. Women are also more likely to live in poverty
than men.
(2) There is a large income gap between the wealthy households. This income gap impacts development
and health of children in the following ways:
- Children from the poorest 20% of households are more than twice as likely to be developmentally
stunted as those from the wealthiest 20%.
- Children in this poorest 20% are four times as likely to not be enrolled in school compared to the
richest households.
- Under-five mortality rates are almost twice as high for children in the poorest 20% of households
compared to children in the richest.
Broadly compare the MDGs to the SDGs - correct answer ✔✔The SDGs were introduced in 2015
following a revision of the MDGs. The SDGs added 9 goals on top of the already 8 goals, including
industry, innovation, and infrastructure, sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption
and production, climate action, life below water, life on land, peace, justice, and strong institutions, good
health and wellbeing, affordable and clean energ, and decent work and economic growth.
What is the Global Burden of Disease (GBD)? - correct answer ✔✔GBD is a measure of total health loss
from hundres of diseases and injuries (and their risk factors) that provides insights into the health status
of different populations throughout the world.
What is the GBD study? - correct answer ✔✔The GBD study tabulates all available information about the
causes of deaths and disability in the world.
, The GBD study is an ongoing endeavor that quantifies that burden of premature mortality and disability
for major diseases or disease groups by countries. Data can be broken down by age, sex, and race.
The GBD tool organizes diseases and illnesses into three main groups. What do these groups include? -
correct answer ✔✔Group 1 includes communicable diseases, and maternal, neonatal, and nutritional
conditions (i.e., tuberculosis, HIV, malaria).
Group 2 includes non-communicable diseases (i.e., coronary artery disease, cancer, and mental illness).
Group 3 includes injuries (i.e., suicide, car crashes)
When considering injury related deaths, why might the differences between sexes be so vast? Why
might Canadian Indigenous populations be more at risk of dying by injury? - correct answer ✔✔Typically,
men engage in more unsafe behaviour and employment than women, and are less likely to be protected
by someone else, whereas women might be protected by their brother, father, etc.
Indigenous populations may be less likely to seek or receive poor medical treatment when injured as a
result of stigma and historical oppression.
What could explain why high SDI countries have more deaths attributed to non-communicable diseases,
whereas low SDI countries have more deaths attributed to communicable diseases? - correct answer
✔✔Because life expectancy is longer in high SDI countries, more deaths can be attributed to non-
communicable disease like coronary artery disease, which are impacted by stress and other lifestyle
factors.
Meanwhile in low SDI countries, life expectancy is lower and the access to healthcare is more limited,
leading to more death being attributed to communicable diseases, like tuberculosis, which can be more
easily treated in high SDI countries.
Burden of communicable diseases: what are the big three? - correct answer ✔✔HIV, tuberculosis, and
malaria.
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