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NR503 Epidemiology Midterm Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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NR503 Epidemiology Midterm Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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NR503 Epidemiology Midterm ExamQuestions and Complete Solutions
Graded A+
Common risk factors - Answer: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use
Childhood risk - Answer: conditions before birth and early in childhood influence health in adult life.
Risk accumulation - Answer: Ageing is an important marker of the accumulation of modifiable risks for
chronic disease
Underlying determinants - Answer: a reflection of the major forces driving social, economic, and cultural
change. I.e. globalization, urbanization, population ageing, and general policy environment
Poverty - Answer: interconnected with chronic disease in a vicious circle increasing exposure to risks and
decreased access to health services
Primary prevention - Answer: aims to prevent disease. I.e. banning hazardous products, educating on
healthy/safe habits, immunizations
Secondary prevention - Answer: reduce impact of disease or injury that has already occurred. I.e.
screening tests, low-dose ASA, suitably modified work
Tertiary prevention - Answer: aims to soften impact of ongoing illness. I.e. cardiac or stroke rehab,
support groups, vocational rehab
Cross Cultural Health Care Program (CCHCP) - Answer: materials to improve cultural competency among
health providers to provide healthcare interventions and other cultural variants
Marginalization - Answer: Major cause of vulnerability referring to exposure to a range of possible harms
,Variables at risk for marginalization - Answer: high risk health literacy, cultural barriers, low english
proficiency
Cultural competence - Answer: a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or
health care agency find meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based on knowledge of the
cultural heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of those whom they render care
Norms & values - Answer: soecific practices that guide the actions and decisions of each person in a
group based on their culture. Can be learned or shared.
Kleinman Explanatory Model - Answer: A set of questions that the APN can use in order to assess the
culture of a patient.
Socioeconomic status - Answer: A measure that takes into account three interrelated dimensions: a
person's income level, education level, and typ of occupation.
Disparities - Answer: a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experiences by one grup
relative to another
Minorities - Answer: a group of people who because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are
singled out from the other in society
Food desert - Answer: neighborhoods and communities that have limited access to affordable and
nutritious foods
Social determinants of health - Answer: poverty, education level, raciam, income, and poor housisng
that effect access to healthcare
Social justice theory - Answer: the goal that all people will have equal opportunity to healthcare access
and quality of healthcare will be the same
Data sources utilized to access determinants of health - Answer: Healthy People 2020, US Census, US
Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities
, Accommodation - Answer: To create an environment that accomodates health practice and ritual from
other cultures within a plan of care
Acculturation - Answer: degree to which an individual from one culture has given up the traits of that
culture and adopted the traits of the dominant culture in which they now reside
Assimilation - Answer: the social, economic, and political integration of a cultural group into mainstream
society to which it may have emigrated
Genetics - Answer: place patients at higher risk for certain disease and if family history reveals this a
screening tool could be used to determine the likelihood of a person developing the disease
Genetic risk assessment - Answer: when a patient is determined to have a gene that places them at a
higher risk of having a disease such as cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease
Genomics - Answer: study of all genes in the human genome as well as their interaction with other
genes, the individuals environment, and the influence of cultural and psychosocial factors
Pharmacogenomics - Answer: medication efficacy, toxicity, and drug interaction based on genetic
variations
Components of genetic risk assessment - Answer: Accurate family history for 3 generations or genetic
blood testing to reveal genes
Relationship between genetics and environment - Answer: a patient may have a gene increasing risks of
disease while also being exposed to environmental factors that also increase risk for disease. i.e. lung
cancer and radon gas
Cultural competence - Answer: A dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or
healthcare agency find meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based in knowledge of the cultural
heritage, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of those to whom they tender care
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