NUR 354 Exam 3: Pharm 2 Questions and Answers Graded A+
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Course
NUR 354
Institution
NUR 354
NUR 354 Exam 3: Pharm 2 Questions
and Answers Graded A+
How does warfarin work to prevent clot formation?
Warfarin inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver, which
decreases the ability of blood to clot.
What is the purpose of administering heparin in pa...
NUR 354 Exam 3: Pharm 2 Questions
and Answers Graded A+
How does warfarin work to prevent clot formation?
✔✔Warfarin inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver, which
decreases the ability of blood to clot.
What is the purpose of administering heparin in patients with clotting disorders?
✔✔Heparin works by inactivating thrombin and factor Xa, preventing the formation of blood
clots and reducing the risk of thromboembolic events.
What is the antidote for heparin overdose?
✔✔The antidote for heparin overdose is protamine sulfate, which neutralizes the effects of
heparin and restores normal clotting.
What are the side effects of long-term warfarin therapy?
✔✔Long-term warfarin therapy can lead to bleeding complications, increased risk of bruising,
and the need for regular blood tests to monitor the International Normalized Ratio (INR).
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,How do thrombolytic drugs work in treating acute thrombotic events?
✔✔Thrombolytic drugs, such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), work by dissolving existing
blood clots, restoring blood flow in conditions like myocardial infarction or stroke.
What is the role of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in the treatment of coagulation disorders?
✔✔DOACs, such as apixaban and rivaroxaban, inhibit specific clotting factors (factor Xa or
thrombin) and are used as alternatives to warfarin for preventing and treating thromboembolic
disorders.
How do platelet aggregation inhibitors like aspirin work to reduce clot formation?
✔✔Aspirin inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which reduces the production of
thromboxane A2, a substance that promotes platelet aggregation and clot formation.
What are the signs and symptoms of bleeding that a nurse should monitor for in patients on
anticoagulant therapy?
✔✔Signs of bleeding include unusual bruising, blood in urine or stool, nosebleeds, bleeding
gums, and prolonged bleeding from cuts.
What is the therapeutic use of clotting factor concentrates in hemophilia?
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,✔✔Clotting factor concentrates are used to replace the deficient clotting factors in patients with
hemophilia, preventing excessive bleeding during or after injury or surgery.
How do antiarrhythmic drugs work to manage dysrhythmias?
✔✔Antiarrhythmic drugs work by regulating the electrical activity of the heart, stabilizing the
heart rhythm by altering ion flow through cardiac cells.
What are the primary classes of antiarrhythmic drugs, and how do they differ?
✔✔The primary classes of antiarrhythmic drugs include Class I (sodium channel blockers),
Class II (beta-blockers), Class III (potassium channel blockers), and Class IV (calcium channel
blockers). Each class works on different aspects of the cardiac action potential.
How does amiodarone help in treating life-threatening arrhythmias?
✔✔Amiodarone is a Class III antiarrhythmic drug that prolongs the action potential and
refractory period of cardiac cells, helping to restore normal rhythm in cases of ventricular
tachycardia and fibrillation.
What is the primary action of digoxin in treating heart failure and atrial fibrillation?
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, ✔✔Digoxin increases the force of heart contractions and slows the heart rate by inhibiting the
sodium-potassium ATPase pump, which helps improve cardiac output in heart failure and
controls the ventricular response in atrial fibrillation.
What are the common side effects of digoxin toxicity?
✔✔Common side effects of digoxin toxicity include nausea, vomiting, confusion, visual
disturbances (e.g., seeing yellow halos), and arrhythmias.
What is the role of beta-blockers in managing dysrhythmias?
✔✔Beta-blockers reduce the heart rate and decrease the workload of the heart by blocking the
effects of adrenaline on beta receptors, helping to control arrhythmias, especially atrial
fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias.
What are the key nursing interventions for a patient receiving heparin therapy?
✔✔Nursing interventions for a patient on heparin include monitoring for signs of bleeding,
checking activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) levels, ensuring the correct administration
route, and educating the patient on avoiding injury.
What is the antidote for warfarin overdose?
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