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MMSC 491 Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions

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MMSC 491 Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions Nucleic Acids are - ANSWER-DNA and RNA Types of Mutations - ANSWER-1. Deletion 2. Duplication 3. Insertions 4. Tranlocation Translocation - ANSWER-DNA is excahnged in reciprocal way from one chromosome to another Epigenetic Mechanisms - ANSWER--Changes ...

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  • November 25, 2024
  • 39
  • 2024/2025
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MMSC 491 Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions


Nucleic Acids are - ANSWER✔✔-DNA and RNA


Types of Mutations - ANSWER✔✔-1. Deletion


2. Duplication


3. Insertions


4. Tranlocation


Translocation - ANSWER✔✔-DNA is excahnged in reciprocal way from

one chromosome to another


Epigenetic Mechanisms - ANSWER✔✔--Changes in the phenotype


-Heritable Mutation


-Not from changes in the DNA sequences


Causes of Epgentic mutation - ANSWER✔✔-DNA Methylation or Histone

modification




Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 1/39

,Genome - ANSWER✔✔-Collective term for the DNA molecule within a cell

or molecule


Genome in Prok - ANSWER✔✔-Usually one large circular DNA


Genome in Eul - ANSWER✔✔-Large peices of proteins reerred to as

chromosomes


Genes - ANSWER✔✔-DNA is broken up into gene that are spread between

each chromsome


Exons - ANSWER✔✔-Coding and are interrupting by Introns


Introns - ANSWER✔✔-Non coding regions


DNA Molecules in Males - ANSWER✔✔-25


(22 autosomes, 1 X, 1Y, ad n mitochrodrial DNA)


DNA In femeales - ANSWER✔✔-24 22 autosomes, 2X and Mitochrondrial

DNA


Wild Type DNA - ANSWER✔✔-Oringinal DNA with no mutatoions




Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 2/39

,Wobble Postition - ANSWER✔✔-The third position in the triplet adn

typically does not efect whcih amino acid is formed


Silent Mutations - ANSWER✔✔-Change in 1 base of the nucleotide

(typically in wobble) and does not cause a change in the amino acid that is

expressed


Nonsense Mutations - ANSWER✔✔-singluar base is changed and causes

early termination in the sequence adn now causes a "stop" codon to form


Missense Mutation - ANSWER✔✔-Changed in 1 base and causes a change

in the amino acid that is expressed


2 Types: Conservative and Nonconservative


Conservative Missense Mutation - ANSWER✔✔-Amino acid changes, but

the amino acid that is put in has similar properties/that behave similary to

the original amino acid that was in place from the biochemical stand point


Nonconservative Missense Mutation - ANSWER✔✔-The new amino acid

that is placed has different chemical properties from the original amino

acid prior to mutations



Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 3/39

, Difference between Deoxyribose and Ribose - ANSWER✔✔-at the 2'

psotion on the deozy there is a hydrogen attached compared to Ribose that

has an OH group


Effects of Epigentic Alteration - ANSWER✔✔-1. Alters accessibility of

DNA


2. Changes in gene Expression


Purines - ANSWER✔✔-Adenine and Guanine (has 2 rings)


Pyramidines - ANSWER✔✔-Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil (Has 1 ring


DNA Bases - ANSWER✔✔-AGTC


RNA Bases - ANSWER✔✔-AGUC


Structure of ssDNA - ANSWER✔✔--Asymetric 5' and 3' end


-5'end = phospahate group


-3' end: Hydroxyl Group


DsDNA - ANSWER✔✔--Strands run antiparralel


-Runs 5'-3' with the oppsosite running 3'-5'


Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 4/39

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