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ACS Biochemistry Study Guide - Complete Solutions
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ACS Biochemistry Study Guide - Complete Solutions
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ACS Biochemistry Study Guide - Complete SolutionsState the central dogma of genetics Right Ans - DNA can self replicate via
translation
DNA is coded into RNA via transcription
RNA is made into proteins via translation
Structure of a nucleotide Right Ans - 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, and
a nitrogenous base
Name the monomer of nucleic acids Right Ans - nucleotides
Describe the relative stability of DNA and RNA Right Ans - DNA is more
stable than RNA because DNA lacks the 2' hydroxyl group; since DNA only has
a 3' hydroxyl group, the phosphodiester bonds formed are specific and rigid;
also, the C-H bond at the 2' carbon in deoxyribose is much less reactive than
the C-OH bond in ribose
How many strands do DNA and RNA usually have Right Ans - DNA is
double stranded and RNA is usually single-stranded
Describe the function of tRNA Right Ans - contain an anticodon to the
mRNA codon; deliver the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome during
translation
Describe the wobble effect Right Ans - tRNA binds much looser at the third
codon so codons that call for the same amino acid usually differ in the 3rd
base; thus, a change of the third codon is less likely to have a biological effect
Describe the degenerate nature of the genetic code Right Ans - a single
amino acid is often coded for by more than one codon (usually differ at the
3rd position)
Where is rRNA synthesized Right Ans - nucleolus
Describe the function of rRNA Right Ans - compose the large and small
subunit of the ribosome which facilitates translation
, What are siRNA molecules Right Ans - pieces of exogenous, double
stranded RNA that prevent the production of specific proteins; they bind to
specific sequences on mRNA and degrade them so that a protein can no longer
by synthesized from that sequence
What are miRNA molecules Right Ans - pieces of endogenous, single
stranded RNA that silence gene expression; they are partially complementary
to certain mRNA sequences which allows them to act on a variety of
sequences
List the pyrimidine bases Right Ans - thyme, cytosine, and uracil
List the purine bases Right Ans - adenine and guanine
Structure of adenine Right Ans - 2 rings
amino group on the pyrimidine ring
Structure of guanine Right Ans - 2 rings
amino group and carbonyl group on pyrimidine ring
Structure of thymine Right Ans - 1 pyrimidine ring
methyl group and 2 carbonyl groups on ring
Structure of cytosine Right Ans - 1 pyrimidine ring
amino group and carbonyl group on ring
Structure of uracil Right Ans - 1 pyrimidine ring
2 carbonyl groups on ring
Describe the bonding pattern between bases and state a consequence of this
pattern Right Ans - purines pair with pyrimidines; A and T have 2
hydrogen bonds and C and G have 3 hydrogen bonds; CG bonds are stronger
What is the most prominent form of DNA in the body Right Ans - B DNA-
right-handed helix with high degree of hydrogen bonding
Describe A DNA and the conditions in which it forms Right Ans - A DNA
forms when DNA is dehydrated; it is more tightly wound than B DNA and that
bases are at an angle so the hydrogen bonding is weaker
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