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ACS BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM:– QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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ACS BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM:– QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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ACS BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM:– QUESTIONS & ANSWERSAbove the Tm Cholesterol: Right Ans - decreases fluidity by limiting the
free rotation of bulky Fatty acid side chains with its bulky structure,
effectively decreasing entropy.
Below the Tm Cholesterol: Right Ans - increases the fluidity by preventing
the Fatty Acid side chains from packing in.
Membrane Transport Right Ans - Diffusion, Pore Facilitated Diffusion,
Carrier Protein Facilitated transport, active transport
Diffusion Equation Right Ans - ΔG=RTln(C2/C1)+ZFΔΨ
Increased charge decreases diffusion Right Ans - smaller neutral molecules
diffuse:CO2, NO,CO, H2O
Charged things do not diffuse Right Ans - ...
Pore Facilitated Transport: Right Ans - Ions and Glucose
larger pores are made from α helices Right Ans - because β barrels are to
small
Aquaporins Right Ans - mostly alpha shape, allows water to move very
quickly compared to diffusion
carrier protein facilitated transport Right Ans - very slow, inefficient but
allows mucho control
Active Transport Right Ans - moves stuff from low to high concentration
gradient
Active transport mechanism Right Ans - 1.3 Na bind 2. Mg 2+ binds to ATP
limiting free rotation of the beta and gamma phosphates increasing the
electrophilicity of the gamma phosphate 3. ATP binds, opening the pump to
the outside of the cell, releasing sodium, closes sodium binding site 4.
structural rearrangement-close Na+, open K+ 5. Structural Change, Allows
Phosphate to be hydrolyzed.
,Primary active transport Right Ans - up the gradient with direct
breakdown of ATP
Secondary active transport Right Ans - glucose, sodium
Nucleotide Functions Right Ans - 1.Builds DNA and RNA 2. biological
energy 3. cellular messaging, secondary messages 4. building blocks for
coenzymes 6. alllosteric affector
nucleic acid stability and bioenergetics Right Ans - the natured state is
energetically favored because the hydrogen bonds hold the bases together
adding osmolarity, and the base rings do pi stacking, causing a van der waals
induced dipole, also allows dna to exist with the phosphates spaced enough to
minimize electrostatic repulsions.
DNA absorbs strongly at 260 nm Right Ans - ...
Hypochromism Right Ans - -less light is absorbed when the DNA/Protein is
folded
-as proteins unfold, the side chains can absorb the light better
The concentration of G and C changes with each genus, Right Ans - the Tm
can aid in identifying unknown bacterial species
DNA replication Right Ans - occurs a lot in the skin, GI and marrow but not
much in other places
non coding Right Ans - introns (98.5%)
coding Right Ans - exons (1.5%)
Topoisomerase Right Ans - unwinds the chromatin structure (tertiary)
Helicase Right Ans - unwinds the helix (secondary)
RNA primase Right Ans - synthesizes RNA primers necessary to the
chemistry of replication
, single stranded binding proteins (ssbp) Right Ans - stabilize the single
strand by blocking hydrogen bonding. small cationic proteins that stabilize the
negatively charged phosphate back bone
stop DNA from rewinding
DNA replicase Right Ans - enzyme that produces DNA chains
Ligase Right Ans - links okazaki fragments
proof reading enzymes Right Ans - ...
repair enzyme Right Ans - not limited to replication, always repairing
DNA is semi conserved Right Ans - half new, half old
In eukaryotes there are multiple origins of replication, having one fewer
hydroxyl to hydrogen bond allows the the strands to be separated more
readily Right Ans - in humans there is an ORI every 250000 bases
Initiation of DNA Replication occurs in the chromatin structure Right Ans -
initiator proteins interact with the major groove, the Topoisomerase.Uses
ATP, poorly understood
Elongation Right Ans - Helicase
Prmers-RNA primers Right Ans - 10 or 11 RNA nucleotides
DNA polymerse eukaryotes Right Ans - 11, α,β,γ,δ,ε,ζ,η,θ,ι,κ,λ
DNA polymerse Prokaryotes Right Ans - 7. I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII
phosphotidylcholine Right Ans - Gylcerol Backbone (PC)
phosphatidylethanolamine Right Ans - A type of phospholipid with a
positively charged ethanolamine attached to the phosphate group.
phosphatidylserine Right Ans - Synthesized from
phosphatidylethanolamine; has a negative charge
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