NURS 5315 GI Module 9, exam 5 Study
Guide Solutions
Upper GI organs - ANSWER✔✔-mouth,pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and
duodenum
Lower GI organs - ANSWER✔✔-small intestine, large intestine, rectum and
anus
Hepatoportal circulation - ANSWER✔✔-hepatic artery receives oxygenated
blood from the inferior mesenteric, gastric, and cystic veins. The hepatic
portal vein receives deoxygenated blood from the inferior and superior
mesenteric vein and splenic vein and delivers nutrients that have been
absorbed from the intestinal system
Osmotic diarrhea - ANSWER✔✔-Caused by the presence of a
nonabsorbable substance in the intestines. This pulls water by osmosis into
the intestinal lumen and results in large volume diarrhea. This is how mag
citrate, lactulose and miralax work. Causes include: excessive ingestion of
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,nonabsorbable sugars, tube feedings, dumping syndrome, malabsorption,
pancreatic enzyme deficiency, bile salt deficiency, small intestine bacterial
overgrowth or celiac disease
Secretory diarrhea - ANSWER✔✔-Results in large volume losses secondary
to infectious causes such as rotavirus, bacterial enterotoxins, or c-diff.
Motility diarrhea - ANSWER✔✔-AKA short bowel syndrome. Results from
resection of small intestine or surgical bypass of small intestine, IBS,
diabetic neuropathy, hyperthyroidism, and laxative abuse. Fatty stools and
bloating are common in malabsorption syndrome. Complications include:
dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis, weight loss and
malabsorption.
Upper GI bleed - ANSWER✔✔-bleeding that occurs in the esophagus,
stomach or duodenum commonly caused by bleeding varices, peptic ulcers
or Mallory-Weiss tear(tearing of esophagus from stomach) Characterized
by frank, bright red or coffee ground emesis.
Lower GI bleed - ANSWER✔✔-Bleeding in the jejunum, ileum, colon or
rectum from inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, diverticula or
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, hemorrhoids. Hematochezia, or the presence of bright red blood in the
stools, suggest what kind of bleed
Peptic Ulcer Disease - ANSWER✔✔-Is a break in the integrity of the
mucosa of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum resulting in exposure of
the tissue to gastric acid. Risk factors include smoking, advanced age,
NSAID use, ETOH, chronic disease, acute pancreatitis, COPD, obesity,
socioeconomic status, gastrinoma, and infection with Helicobacter pylori.
S&S: Epigastric pain is worse with eating, melena or hematemesis
Duodenal ulcers - ANSWER✔✔-most common and tend to develop in
younger patients. S&S: epigastric pain that is relieved by food. Patients
may have melena(black and tarry stool) or hematemesis
Ulcerative colitis (UC) - ANSWER✔✔-Inflammatory disease of the large
instestine in persons 20-40y/o. Less common in people who smoke. Has
periods of remission and exacerbations. Characterized by inflammation
and ulcerations that remain superficial and in the small intestine.
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