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NURS 5315 Advanced Patho Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions
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NURS 5315 Advanced Patho Exam 1 Study Guide Solutions Steps of the Action Potential - ANSWER-Depolarization Repolarization Hyperpolarization Depolarization - ANSWER-movement of the intracellular charge towards zero (more positive charge) Voltage gated Na channels open and allow Na to enter t...

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  • November 26, 2024
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NURS 5315 Advanced Patho Exam 1
Study Guide Solutions


Steps of the Action Potential - ANSWER✔✔-Depolarization


Repolarization


Hyperpolarization


Depolarization - ANSWER✔✔-movement of the intracellular charge

towards zero (more positive charge)




Voltage gated Na channels open and allow Na to enter the cell -> voltage

inside the cell moves towards zero


Repolarization - ANSWER✔✔-Once the intracellular charge reaches zero,

the negative polarity of the inside of the cell is restored back to its baseline

of -70 to -85 mV


-Na channels close, K channels open


Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 1/45

,Hyperpolarization - ANSWER✔✔-when the cell's resting membrane

potential is greater than -85mV. Is less excitable, because there is a greater

distance between the resting membrane potential and the threshold

potential.


In order for the action potential to be sucessful - ANSWER✔✔-t has to

depolarize by 15-20 mV (threshold potential) to reach -55 to -65 mV.


An alteration in action potential may result from - ANSWER✔✔-neurologic

diseases, muscle disease or electrolyte imbalances.


What is the main protein responsible for maintaining the correct balance of

extracellular Na and intracellular K, which is needed for cellular excitation

and membrane conductivity. - ANSWER✔✔-Na+-K+ ATPase


Resting membrane potential - ANSWER✔✔-when the cell is in a

nonexcited state and is at -70 to -85 mV.


Refractory Period - ANSWER✔✔-is a period of time during most of the

action potential which the cell membrane resists stimulation and it cannot

depolarize




Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 2/45

,Absolute refractory period - ANSWER✔✔-occurs when the membrane will

not respond to ANY stimulus no matter how strong.


Relative Refractory Period - ANSWER✔✔-occurs when the membrane is

repolarizing and will only respond to a very strong stimulus.


Hyperpolarized - ANSWER✔✔-when the cell's resting membrane potential

is greater than -85mV.


Is less excitable, because there is a greater distance between the resting

membrane potential and the threshold potential.


Hypopolarized - ANSWER✔✔-when the cell's resting membrane potential

is closer to zero, for instance it is -65mV.


Is more excitable because the resting membrane potential is closer to the

threshold potential, there is less distance between them.


Action potential altered by hypokalemia - ANSWER✔✔-(serum outside of

cell is low)


-Hyperpolarized (cell becomes more negative, ex: -100)


-Affects the resting membrane potential of cells


Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 3/45

, -The cell is less likely to depolarize and transmit impulses


Can cause a decrease in neuromuscular excitability and leads to weakness,

smooth muscle atony, paresthesias, and cardiac dysrhythmias


Action potential altered by hyperkalemia - ANSWER✔✔-Hypopolarized


-Also has an effect on the resting membrane potential


-If the ECF potassium increases without any change in the ICF potassium

levels, the resting membrane potential of the cell becomes more positive.


-The cells are more excitable and conduct impulses more easily and more

quickly because the resting membrane potential is closer to the threshold

potential. Therefore, the person will have peak T waves on EKG.


-As potassium rises, the resting membrane potential will continue to

become more positive and it will eventually become equal to the threshold

potential. As this happens the EKG will show a widening QRS complex. If

the resting membrane potential equals the threshold potential, an action

potential will not be generated and cardiac standstill will occur. Paralysis

and paresthesias may also occur.




Copyright ©EMILLYCHARLOTE 2025 ACADEMIC YEAR, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 4/45

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