CITP NEW EXAM 5 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
High explosive
an explosive which normally requires a blasting cap or detonator for initiation and once
initiated produces a supersonic detonation with a shattering or brisant effect
(C4, Semtex, TNT, PETN)
Low explosive
an explosive, which when unconfined, responds to initiation by deflagration or burning
and produces a pushing effect (MUST BE CONFINED TO DETONATE)
(legal fireworks, black powder, smokeless powder)
Thermal effect
visible as a bright light or fireball at the instant of detonation/ high explosive-higher temp
for shorter duration, low explosive- lower temp but longer duration
LEAST DAMAGING EFFECT
Blast Pressure Effect
refers to the positive and negative phases of the incident blast wave
MOST POWERFUL AND DESTRUCTIVE EFFECT
Negative phase
a partial vacuum is formed around the epicentre due to the outside movement of air, 3
,times longer than positive phase but less intense
Confined or Reflected blast
- can amplify effect up to 13x
- Maximum reflected pressure from perpendicular surfaces
- Minimum reflected pressure from parallel surfaces
Blast waves also enhanced or focused by confinement such as:
a tunnel
a corridor
a trench
a city street
Physiological Effects of a Blast
Primary Blast Injuries: direct effects of the blast pressure
Secondary Blast Injuries: caused by propelled fragmentation or debris most common
cause of death, broken glass causes 75% of injuries
Tertiary Blast injuries- body is propelled by blast wave and impacts the ground
Quaternary injuries- other injuries such as crush injuries or burns
Fragmentation Effect
-rupture of case and propelling of broken pieces
, - includes primary and secondary frag- both are just as lethal
DEADLIEST EFFECT
components of an IED
1. Power source (ex: battery)
2. Initiator (either an igniter or detonator- blasting cap, christmas tree lights etc. )
3. Explosive (low explosive needs confinement)
4. Switch
What is the most frequent method of initiation?
simple fuse, pipe bomb
Common explosives
- Black Powder (most sensitive and susceptible to heat, shock, friction etc.)
- Pyrodex
- Smokeless powder
Types of high explosives
primary- extremely sensitive to mechanical shock, friction, and heat, and will respond by
detonating (ex: blasting caps)
High explosive
an explosive which normally requires a blasting cap or detonator for initiation and once
initiated produces a supersonic detonation with a shattering or brisant effect
(C4, Semtex, TNT, PETN)
Low explosive
an explosive, which when unconfined, responds to initiation by deflagration or burning
and produces a pushing effect (MUST BE CONFINED TO DETONATE)
(legal fireworks, black powder, smokeless powder)
Thermal effect
visible as a bright light or fireball at the instant of detonation/ high explosive-higher temp
for shorter duration, low explosive- lower temp but longer duration
LEAST DAMAGING EFFECT
Blast Pressure Effect
refers to the positive and negative phases of the incident blast wave
MOST POWERFUL AND DESTRUCTIVE EFFECT
Negative phase
a partial vacuum is formed around the epicentre due to the outside movement of air, 3
,times longer than positive phase but less intense
Confined or Reflected blast
- can amplify effect up to 13x
- Maximum reflected pressure from perpendicular surfaces
- Minimum reflected pressure from parallel surfaces
Blast waves also enhanced or focused by confinement such as:
a tunnel
a corridor
a trench
a city street
Physiological Effects of a Blast
Primary Blast Injuries: direct effects of the blast pressure
Secondary Blast Injuries: caused by propelled fragmentation or debris most common
cause of death, broken glass causes 75% of injuries
Tertiary Blast injuries- body is propelled by blast wave and impacts the ground
Quaternary injuries- other injuries such as crush injuries or burns
Fragmentation Effect
-rupture of case and propelling of broken pieces
, - includes primary and secondary frag- both are just as lethal
DEADLIEST EFFECT
components of an IED
1. Power source (ex: battery)
2. Initiator (either an igniter or detonator- blasting cap, christmas tree lights etc. )
3. Explosive (low explosive needs confinement)
4. Switch
What is the most frequent method of initiation?
simple fuse, pipe bomb
Common explosives
- Black Powder (most sensitive and susceptible to heat, shock, friction etc.)
- Pyrodex
- Smokeless powder
Types of high explosives
primary- extremely sensitive to mechanical shock, friction, and heat, and will respond by
detonating (ex: blasting caps)
