Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 15 Sampling
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- Nursing research
- Institution
- University Of Kansas School Of Pharmacy
Exam of 40 pages for the course nursing research at University Of Kansas School Of Pharmacy (Chapter 15 Sampling)
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Chapter 15: SamplingTest Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A researcher is studying sleep habits of household cats that belong to families with small
children. The families live in urban areas. In this study, what are the elements?
a. Small children b. Household cats c. Families
d. Sleep
ANS: B
The individual units of the population and sample are called elements. The elements are the
things the researcher studies. An element can be a person, event, behavior, or any other single
unit of study. In this case, the researcher is studying cats—not children, not families, and not
sleep.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page 352
2. A researcher wants to increase the generalizability of a planned experimental study’s
results.
What can the researcher do, relative to sampling, that will achieve that goal?
a. Select a sample larger than that recommended by power analysis.
b. Purposively select a sample that is extremely heterogeneous.
c. Use random assignment.
d. Use random sampling.
ANS: D
Random sampling increases the extent to which the sample is representative of the target
population. Good representativeness enhances generalizability of the results. Selecting a
sample larger than the size recommended by power analysis results only is a larger sample,
not a more representative one. Purposive selection of a more heterogeneous sample does not
increase the sample’s representativeness. Use of random assignment has no effect on
representativeness of the sample, since it is selected before assignment occurs.
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page 357
3. A researcher studies spending habits of teenagers in strip malls. From what kind of
population has the researcher selected her sample?
a. The accessible population
b. The entire population c. The target population d. The target sample
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ANS: A
An accessible population is the portion of the target population to which the researcher has
reasonable access. The sample is obtained from the accessible population by a particular
sampling method. The target population is the entire set of individuals or elements who meet
the sampling criteria. The sample is selected from the accessible population within the target
population, since this is the population from which the researcher can actually select subjects.
The sample here is a subset of the accessible population that actually checks into shelters, not
the target population of all homeless persons. The entire population is a particular group of
people who share one or more characteristics that are the focus of the research.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 351
4. A researcher selects his sample in this way. He paints numbers on 100 ping-pong balls, and
he paints half of them blue and half of them green. He puts the blue half onto a large tray, and
the green half of them onto another large tray. Then he mixes each group and trains his dog to
bring 10 balls from each tray to him, gently and systematically, one at a time. What type of
sample is this?
a. Snowball
b. Random
c. Stratified random
d. Systematic
ANS: C
Stratified random sampling is used when the researcher knows some of the variables in the
population that are critical to achieving representativeness. Variables commonly used for
stratification are age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, diagnosis, geographical region,
type of institution, type of care, care provider, and site of care. The dog has no agenda, and
the balls are mixed. The dog chooses 10 balls from each stratum. The sample is stratified
random.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 359
, 5. “Good morning. You have been selected randomly by our marketing department because of
your recent purchase of McCarthy’s Natural Yogurt, several organic raw vegetables, and two
types of tofu. As a woman with interest in safe and healthy products, we are asking you to
participate in a brief telephone survey.” The discerning student will detect an error in the
above statement. What kind of a sampling is this?
a. Random sampling
b. Convenience sampling
c. Purposive sampling
d. Systematic sampling
ANS: C
Marketing research now uses product profiling to identify what consumers buy which
products. A sample based on profiling is a purposive sample: people are contacted because
they possess a certain pattern of purchasing. This is also referred to as judgmental or selective
sampling. If a sample is purposive, it is not random, convenience, or systematic.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 362
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