Exam (elaborations)
ECU BIO 1200 EXAM 1
Exam of 6 pages for the course AHIMA at AHIMA (ECU BIO 1200 EXAM 1)
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ECU BIO 1200 EXAM 1Ifioaiopersonioscattersioaiohandfulioofiogardeniopeaioplantioseedsioiniooneioarea,iohowiowouldion
aturalioselectionioworkioiniothisiosituation?io-ioans--
✔✔Theioplantsiothatiocaniobestiouseiotheioresourcesioofiotheioarea,ioincludingiocompetingiowit
hiootherioindividualsioforiothoseioresourcesiowillioproduceiomoreioseedsiothemselvesioandioth
oseiotraitsiothatioallowediothemiotoiobetteriouseiotheioresourcesiowillioincreaseioiniotheiopopulat
ionioofiotheionextiogeneration.
Whyiodoioscientistsioconsideriovestigialiostructuresioevidenceioforioevolution?io-ioans--
✔✔Vestigialiostructuresioareioconsideredioevidenceioforioevolutioniobecauseiomostiostructur
esiodoionotioexistioinioanioorganismiowithoutioservingiosomeiofunctionioeitheriopresentlyioorioini
otheiopast.ioAiovestigialiostructureioindicatesioaiopastioformiooriofunctioniothatiohasiosinceiochan
ged,iobutiotheiostructureioremainsiopresentiobecauseioitiohadioaiofunctionioiniotheioancestor.
Howiodoesiotheioscientificiomeaningioofio"theory"iodifferiofromiotheiocommoniovernaculariome
aning?io-ioans--
✔✔Inioscience,ioaiotheoryioisioaiothoroughlyiotestedioandioverifiediosetioofioexplanationsioforioa
iobodyioofioobservationsioofionature.ioItioisiotheiostrongestioformioofioknowledgeioinioscience.ioI
niocontrast,ioaiotheoryioiniocommoniovernaculariocaniomeanioaioguessiooriospeculationioabouti
osomething,iomeaningiothatiotheioknowledgeioimpliediobyiotheiotheoryioisioveryioweak.
Explainiowhyiotheiostatementiothatioaiomonkeyioisiomoreioevolvediothanioaiomouseioisioincorre
ct.io-ioans--
✔✔Theiostatementioimpliesiothatiothereioisioaiogoaliotoioevolutionioandiothatiotheiomonkeyiorep
resentsiogreaterioprogressiotoiothatiogoaliothaniotheiomouse.ioBothiospeciesioareiolikelyiotoiobei
owellioadaptediotoiotheirioparticularioenvironments,iowhichioisiotheiooutcomeioofionaturaliosele
ction.
Solveioforiotheiogeneticiostructureioofioaiopopulationiowithio12iohomozygousiorecessiveioindivi
dualsio(yy),io8iohomozygousiodominantioindividualsio(YY),ioandio4ioheterozygousioindividual
sio(Yy).io-ioans--✔✔pio=io(8*2io+io4)/48io=io.42;ioqio=io(12*2io+io4)/
48io=io.58;iop^2io=io.17;io2pqio=io.48;ioq^2io=io.34
ExplainiotheioHardy-Weinbergioprincipleioofioequilibriumiotheory.io-ioans--✔✔TheioHardy-
Weinbergioprincipleioofioequilibriumioisiousediotoiodescribeiotheiogeneticiomakeupioofioaiopopu
lation.ioTheiotheoryiostatesiothatioaiopopulation'sioalleleioandiogenotypeiofrequenciesioareioinh
erentlyiostable:iounlessiosomeiokindioofioevolutionaryioforceioisioactingiouponiotheiopopulation,
iogenerationioafteriogenerationioofiotheiopopulationiowouldiocarryiotheiosameiogenes,ioandioind
ividualsiowould,ioasioaiowhole,iolookioessentiallyiotheiosame.
, Imagineioyouioareiotryingiotoiotestiowhetherioaiopopulationioofioflowersioisioundergoingioevoluti
on.ioYouiosuspectiothereioisioselectioniopressureiooniotheiocolorioofiotheioflower:iobeesioseemio
toioclusterioaroundiotheioredioflowersiomoreioofteniothaniotheioblueioflowers.ioInioaioseparateioe
xperiment,ioyouiodiscoverioblueiofloweriocolorioisiodominantiotoiorediofloweriocolor.ioInioaiofield,i
oyouiocountio600ioblueioflowersioandio200ioredioflowers.ioWhatiowouldioyouioexpectiotheiogene
ticiostructureioofiotheioflowersiotoiobe?io-ioans--
✔✔Redioisiorecessiveiosoioq2io=io200/800io=io0.25;ioqio=io0.5;iopio=io1-
qio=io0.5;iop2io=io0.25;io2pqio=io0.5.ioYouiowouldioexpectio200iohomozygousioblueioflowers,io4
00ioheterozygousioblueioflowers,ioandio200ioredioflowers.
Describeioaiosituationioiniowhichioaiopopulationiowouldioundergoiotheiobottleneckioeffectioandio
explainiowhatioimpactiothatiowouldiohaveiooniotheiopopulation'siogeneiopool.io-ioans--
✔✔Aiohurricaneiokillsioaiolargeiopercentageioofioaiopopulationioofiosand-
dwellingiocrustaceans—
onlyioaiofewioindividualsiosurvive.ioTheioallelesiocarriediobyiothoseiosurvivingioindividualsiowo
uldiorepresentiotheioentireiopopulation'siogeneiopool.ioIfiothoseiosurvivingioindividualsioareiono
tiorepresentativeioofiotheiooriginaliopopulation,iotheiopost-
hurricaneiogeneiopooliowilliodifferiofromiotheiooriginaliogeneiopool.
Describeionaturalioselectionioandiogiveioanioexampleioofionaturalioselectionioatioworkioinioaiopo
pulation.io-ioans--
✔✔Theiotheoryioofionaturalioselectioniostemsiofromiotheioobservationiothatiosomeioindividual
sioinioaiopopulationiosurviveiolongerioandiohaveiomoreiooffspringiothanioothers:iothus,iomoreioo
fiotheiriogenesioareiopassediotoiotheionextiogeneration.ioForioexample,ioaiobig,iopowerfuliomalei
ogorillaioisiomuchiomoreiolikelyiothanioaiosmaller,ioweakeriooneiotoiobecomeiotheiopopulation'si
osilverback:iotheiopack'sioleaderiowhoiomatesiofariomoreiothaniotheiootheriomalesioofiotheiogrou
p.ioTherefore,iotheiopackioleaderiowilliofatheriomoreiooffspringiowhoioshareiohalfioofiohisiogenes
ioandioareiolikelyiotoiogrowiobiggerioandiostrongeriolikeiotheiriofather.ioOveriotime,iotheiogenesiof
oriobiggeriosizeiowillioincreaseioiniofrequencyioiniotheiopopulation,ioandiotheioaverageiobodyiosi
ze,ioasioaioresult,iogrowiolargerioonioaverage.
Explainiowhatioaioclineioisioandioprovideioexamples.io-ioans--
✔✔Aioclineioisioaiotypeioofiogeographiciovariationiothatioisioseenioiniopopulationsioofioaiogivenio
speciesiothatiovaryiograduallyioacrossioanioecologicaliogradient.ioForioexample,iowarm-
bloodedioanimalsiotendiotoiohaveiolargeriobodiesioiniotheiocoolerioclimatesiocloseriotoiotheioeart
h'siopoles,ioallowingiothemiotoiobetterioconserveioheat.ioThisioisioconsideredioaiolatitudinaliocli
ne.ioFloweringioplantsiotendiotoiobloomioatiodifferentiotimesiodependingiooniowhereiotheyioareio
alongiotheioslopeioofioaiomountain.ioThisioisioknownioasioanioaltitudinaliocline.
Giveioanioexampleioofioaiotraitiothatiomayiohaveioevolvedioasioaioresultioofiotheiohandicapioprinc
ipleioandioexplainioyourioreasoning.io-ioans--
✔✔Theiopeacock'siotailioisioaiogoodioexampleioofiotheiohandicapioprinciple.ioTheiotail,iowhichio
makesiotheiomalesiomoreiovisibleiotoiopredatorsioandiolessioableiotoioescape,ioisioclearlyioaiodi
sadvantageiotoiotheiobird'siosurvival.ioButiobecauseioitioisioaiodisadvantage,ioonlyiotheiomostiofi
tiomalesioshouldiobeioableiotoiosurviveiowithioit.ioThus,iotheiotailioservesioasioaniohonestiosignali
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