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BSC 2085 Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% Pass
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BSC 2085 Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% Pass Integumentary System- weight and area - Is the largest system of the body 16% of body weight 1.5 to 2 m2 in area How many parts makeup the integumentary system? - The integument is made up of two parts 1. Cutaneous membrane (skin) 2. Accessory ...

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  • November 30, 2024
  • 45
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • bsc 2085 exam 2 questions and answers 100 pass

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BSC 2085 Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100%
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Integumentary System- weight and area - ✔✔Is the largest system of the body


16% of body weight


1.5 to 2 m2 in area


How many parts makeup the integumentary system? - ✔✔The integument is made up of two parts


1. Cutaneous membrane (skin)


2. Accessory structures


Describe the Cutaneous Membrane - ✔✔consist of two components:


Outer epidermis


Superficial epithelium (epithelial tissues)


Inner dermis


Connective tissues


Accessory Structure - ✔✔Originate in the dermis


Extend through the epidermis to skin surface. Includes:


Hair, Nails, Multicellular exocrine glands


What Systems are connected to the Integumentary system? - ✔✔Cardiovascular system- By blood vessels

in the dermis


Nervous system- By sensory receptors that detect stimuli for pain, touch, and temperature

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,Is the hypodermis part of the Integumentary system? - ✔✔No, Located below the dermis


-Composed of loose connective tissue: separates integument from the deep fascia around organs


- Location of hypodermic injections


5 main functions of the Integumentary System? - ✔✔1. Protection of underlying tissues and organs


2. Excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes (glands)


3. Maintenance of body temperature (insulation and evaporation)


4. Production of melanin, keratin, vitamin D3, and storage of lipids


5. Detection of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature


PEMPD


Describe the Epidermis - ✔✔Is avascular stratified squamous epithelium


Nutrients and oxygen diffuse from capillaries in the dermis


Dominated by keratinocytes (most abundant type of epithelial cells) -contain large amounts of the protein

keratin


Thin skin: location and layers - ✔✔Covers most of the body


Has four layers of keratinocytes


Thick skin: location and layers - ✔✔Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet


Has five layers of keratinocytes


What are the 5 strata of keratinocytes in thick skin - ✔✔1. Stratum basale


2. Stratum spinosum


3.Stratum granulosum


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,4. Stratum lucidum (missing in thin skin)


5.Stratum corneum


Bottom to top


What is the Stratum Basale? - ✔✔-Is attached to basement membrane by hemidesmosomes


-Forms a strong bond between epidermis and dermis


-Forms epidermal ridges (basis of fingerprints)


-Dermal papillae (tiny mounds)- projections from the dermis-Increase the area of basement membrane

and ttrengthen attachment between epidermis and dermis


-Has many basal cells, or germinative cells


What determines fingerprints? - ✔✔Determined by genetics and


uterine environment during fetal development.


Do identical twins have the same fingerprints? - ✔✔No


What are specialized cells of Stratum Basale? - ✔✔1. Merkel cells- specialized epithelial tactile cells


Found in hairless skin


Respond to touch (trigger nervous system)


2. Melanocytes


Contain the pigment melanin


Scattered throughout stratum basale


What is the Stratum Spinosum? - ✔✔"the "spiny layer"


-Produced by division of stratum basale


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, -Eight to ten layers of keratinocytes bound by desmosomes


-Cells shrink until cytoskeletons stick out (looks spiny) - under normal histological preperations


-Continue to divide, increasing thickness of epithelium


-Contain dendritic (Langerhans) cells, active in immune response - defend against microorganisms that

get past superficial layers of epidermis and defend against superficial skin cancers


Describe the Stratum Granulosum layer - ✔✔-the "grainy layer", Stops dividing, starts producing:


1. Keratin


A tough, fibrous protein


Makes up hair and nails


2. Keratohyalin


Dense granules


Cross-link keratin fibers


Note: as keratin accumulates, the cell flatten and its plasma membrane thickens and becomes less

permeable


Describe the Stratum Lucidum - ✔✔the "clear layer"


-Found only in thick skin


-Covers stratum granulosum


-Cells here are flattened, densely packed with keratin and are devoid of organelles


Stratum Cornuem - ✔✔-the "horn layer" (latin cornu=horn)


-Exposed surface of skin (15 to 30 layers of keratinized cells) lasts about 2 weeks



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