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Diabetes Mellitus
UPDATED ON JUNE 5, 2020 BY MARIANNE BELLEZA, R.N.
,The major sources of the glucose that circulates in the blood are through the absorption
of ingested food in the gastrointestinal tract and formation of glucose by the liver from
food substances.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases that occurs with increased
levels of glucose in the blood.
Diabetes mellitus most often results in defects in insulin secretion, insulin action,
or even both.
Classification
The classification system of diabetes mellitus is unique because research findings
suggest many differences among individuals within each category, and patients can even
move from one category to another, except for patients with type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes has major classifications that include type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes,
gestational diabete s, and diabetes mellitus associated with other conditions.
, The two types of diabetes mellitus are differentiated based on their causative
factors, clinical course, and management.
Pathophysiology
Diabetes Mellitus has different courses of pathophysiology because of it has several
types
Islet of Langerhans
1. Insulin is secreted by beta cells in the pancreas and it is an anabolic hormone.
2. When we consume food, insulin moves glucose from blood to muscle, liver, and fat
cells as insulin level increases.
3. The functions of insulin include the transport and metabolism of glucose for
energy, stimulation of storage of glucose in the liver and muscle, serves as the
signal of the liver to stop releasing glucose, enhancement of the storage of dietary
fat in adipose tissue, and acceleration of the transport of amino acid into cells.
4. Insulin and glucagon maintain a constant level of glucose in the blood by
stimulating the release of glucose from the liver.
Diabetes Mellitus
UPDATED ON JUNE 5, 2020 BY MARIANNE BELLEZA, R.N.
,The major sources of the glucose that circulates in the blood are through the absorption
of ingested food in the gastrointestinal tract and formation of glucose by the liver from
food substances.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases that occurs with increased
levels of glucose in the blood.
Diabetes mellitus most often results in defects in insulin secretion, insulin action,
or even both.
Classification
The classification system of diabetes mellitus is unique because research findings
suggest many differences among individuals within each category, and patients can even
move from one category to another, except for patients with type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes has major classifications that include type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes,
gestational diabete s, and diabetes mellitus associated with other conditions.
, The two types of diabetes mellitus are differentiated based on their causative
factors, clinical course, and management.
Pathophysiology
Diabetes Mellitus has different courses of pathophysiology because of it has several
types
Islet of Langerhans
1. Insulin is secreted by beta cells in the pancreas and it is an anabolic hormone.
2. When we consume food, insulin moves glucose from blood to muscle, liver, and fat
cells as insulin level increases.
3. The functions of insulin include the transport and metabolism of glucose for
energy, stimulation of storage of glucose in the liver and muscle, serves as the
signal of the liver to stop releasing glucose, enhancement of the storage of dietary
fat in adipose tissue, and acceleration of the transport of amino acid into cells.
4. Insulin and glucagon maintain a constant level of glucose in the blood by
stimulating the release of glucose from the liver.
