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AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AP TEST REVIEW Questions and Answers
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AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AP TEST REVIEW Questions and Answers Ionizing radiation enough energy to dislodge electrons from atoms, forming ions; capable of causing cancer (gamma, X-rays, UV) High Quality Energy organized & concentrated; can perform useful work (fossil fuel & nuclear) ...

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  • December 1, 2024
  • 10
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • ap environmental science ap test review questions
  • ionizing radiation enough energy to dislodge elect
  • high quality energy organized concentrated can

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AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AP TEST
REVIEW Questions and Answers
Ionizing radiation - answer enough energy to dislodge electrons from atoms, forming
ions; capable of causing cancer (gamma, X-rays, UV)

High Quality Energy - answer organized & concentrated; can perform useful work
(fossil fuel & nuclear)

Low Quality Energy - answer disorganized, dispersed (heat in ocean or air wind,
solar)

First Law of Thermodynamics - answer energy is neither created nor destroyed, but
may be converted from one form to another (Law of Conservation of Energy)

Second Law of Thermodynamics - answer when energy is changed from one form to
another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy, usually heat

Natural radioactive decay - answer unstable radioisotopes decay releasing gamma
rays, alpha particles, and beta particles

Half-life - answer the time it takes for ½ the mass of a radioisotope to decay

Estimate of how long a radioactive isotope must be stored until it decays to a safe level
- answer approximately 10 half-lives

Nuclear Fission - answer nuclei of isotopes split apart when struck by neutrons

Nuclear Fusion - answer two isotopes of light elements (H) forced together at high
temperatures till they fuse to form a heavier nucleus (He). Process is expensive; break-
even point not reached yet

Ore - answer a rock that contains a large enough concentration of a mineral making
it profitable to mine

Organic fertilizer - answer slow-acting & long-lasting because the organic remains
need time to be decomposed

Best solutions to energy shortage - answer conservation, increase efficiency, explore
alternative energy options

Surface mining - answer cheaper and can remove more minerals; less hazardous to
workers

, Humus - answer organic, dark material remaining after decomposition by
microorganisms

Leaching - answer removal of dissolved materials from soil by water moving
downwards

Illuviation - answer deposit of leached material in lower soil layers (B horizon)

Loam - answer perfect agricultural soil with optimal portions of sand, silt, clay (40%,
40%, 20%)

Conservation - answer allowing the use of resources in a responsible manner

Preservation - answer setting aside areas and protecting them from human activities

Parts of the hydrologic cycle - answer evaporation, transpiration, runoff,
condensation, precipitation, infiltration

Aquifer - answer any water-bearing layer in the ground

Cone of depression - answer lowering of the water table around a pumping well

Salt water intrusion - answer near the coast, over-pumping of groundwater causes
saltwater to move into the aquifer

ENSO - answer El Niño Southern Oscillation, see-sawing of air pressure over the S.
Pacific

During an El Niño year - answer trade winds weaken & warm water sloshed back to
SA

During a non El Niño year - answer easterly trade winds and ocean currents pool
warm water in the western Pacific, allowing upwelling of nutrient rich water off the west
coast of South America

Effects of El Niño - answer upwelling decreases disrupting food chains; N U.S. has
mild winters, SW U.S. has increased rainfall, less Atlantic hurricanes

Nitrogen fixing - answer because atmospheric N2 cannot be used directly by plants it
must first be converted into ammonia (NH3) by bacteria (rhizobium)

Ammonification - answer decomposers convert organic waste into ammonia

Nitrification - answer ammonia (NH3) is converted to nitrate ions (NO3)

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