Final Study Guide: NR565 / NR 565
(Latest ) Advanced
Pharmacology Fundamentals |
Exam Week 5 – 8 Questions &
Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A -
Chamberlain
WEEK 5
Question:
Diabetes
o How to confirm a diagnosis prior to beginning treatment
Answer:
Fasting plasma glucose >/= 125mg/dl OR
Random plasma glucose >/= 200mg/dl
plus symptoms of diabetes (polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss) OR
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): 2-hour plasma glucose >/= 200mg/dl OR
HgbA1C pf 6.5% or greater - (a test that provides an estimate of glycemic
control over the previous 2-3 months) is now considered a standard test as
well
,Question:
Diabetes
o A1C
General goals
Answer:
To keep A1C below 7%
o <8% is less stringent for those with hx. Of severe hypoglycemia, limited life
expectancy, pr advanced microvascular or macrovascular complications
Question:
Diabetes
o A1C
Older Adult goal
Answer:
Recommended goal for A1C in the geriatric population is 7.5-8% in older
patients with moderate comorbidities and life expectancy less than 10 years
o 8-8.5% for older patients with complex medical issues
,Question:
Diabetes
o A1C
When should insulin be considered?
Answer:
Recommendation: A GLP-1 should be considered before starting insulin
Insulin is introduced in Step 3 which includes a 3-drug combination which
includes insulin.
A1C of 9% of greater would start at Step 2 with dual med therapy
A1C of 10% or greater or fasting glucose of 300 or greater and is symptomatic
would start on combination injectable therapy immediately (Step 4)
Question:
Diabetes
o A1C
At what time interval should it be re-checked?
Answer:
Should be monitored every 3 months until value drops to 7% and at least
every 6 months thereafter
, Question:
Diabetes
o Action of Insulin
Answer:
Metabolic actions of insulin are primarily anabolic - Insulin promotes
conservation of energy and buildup of energy stores, such as glycogen and the
hormone also promotes cell growth and division
Stimulates cellular transport (uptake) of glucose, amino acids, nucleotides,
and potassium
Insulin promotes synthesis of complex organic molecules
In all: Under the influence of insulin - glucose is converted into glycogen,
amino acids are assembled into proteins, and fatty acids are incorporated into
triglycerides
Question:
Diabetes
o Pioglitazone contraindications
Answer:
Associated with heart failure secondary to renal retention of fluid. If heart
failure is diagnosed, pioglitazone should be discontinued or used in reduced
dosage
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