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ERTH2404 Final Exam Lec(6-12) Questions With Correct Answers.
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©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 1 | P a g e ERTH2404 Final Exam Lec(6-12) Questions With Correct Answers. What is a strike? - answerIntersection of planar structure with a horizontal plane What is a dip? - answerInclination of planar structure in respect to horizon...

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  • December 2, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.




ERTH2404 Final Exam Lec(6-12) Questions
With Correct Answers.

What is a strike? - answer✔Intersection of planar structure with a horizontal plane


What is a dip? - answer✔Inclination of planar structure in respect to horizontal level, measured

at 90° from the strike line


What are the geological structures produced by deformation? - answer✔Faults


Joints


Folds


What is deformation? - answer✔Alteration of size and/or shape of materials


What are normal stresses? - answer✔Tension and compression


What is strain? - answer✔Change in the shape and/or size of a body as a result of stress


What is elastic deformation? - answer✔When an object will return to its original shape when

the load is removed.


Strong rocks have a _________ modulus of Elasticity - answer✔High


Weak rocks have a _________ modulus of Elasticity - answer✔Low


1|Page

, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Igneous rock's strength is ________ - answer✔Strong


Sedimentary rock's and metamorphic rock's strength are_________ - answer✔Variable


At shallow depth(low pressure), rocks behave? - answer✔Elastically to elastic limit before

brittle failure


At middle to lower crust(higher confining pressure), rocks behave? - answer✔Elastically,

materials soften with increasing temperature(depth)


Brittle rocks fail abruptly producing what? - answer✔Fractures


Ductile rocks undergo plastic deformation producing what? - answer✔Undulations called folds


Factors controlling the brittleness of a rock are? - answer✔Rock composition and texture


Temperature and pressure


Presence of fluids


What are faults? - answer✔Major fractures, showing movement between rock blocks


What are joints? - answer✔Minor fractures, showing little or no movement between rock

blocks


What is a hanging wall fault? - answer✔Rock block above the fault; older


What is a footwall fault? - answer✔Rock block below the fault; younger


What is a dip slip fault? - answer✔Movement in the direction of dip, normal, and reverse.

2|Page

, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
What movement type is a normal fault? - answer✔Gravity does the work; extension


What movement type is a reverse fault? - answer✔Compression


What movement type is a strike-slip fault? - answer✔Lateral, along strike


What is a thrust fault? - answer✔Low angle reverse fault; moves hanging wall rocks over

footwall rocks


What causes joints? - answer✔Internal stresses


What causes expansive joints? - answer✔Removal of overlying rocks by erosin


What causes cooling joints? - answer✔Thermal contraction/expansion in relation to igneous

processes


What are systematic joints? - answer✔Parallel, regularly spaced fractures


What causes systematic joints? - answer✔Regional uniform stress


What are non-systematic joints? - answer✔Randomly orientated fractures with irregular

orcurved joint faces


What causes non-systematic joints? - answer✔Local non-uniform stresses


What is a fold? - answer✔Geological structure formed when rocks are bent or curved as a result

of plastic deformation




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