Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 26 Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System
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- Galen College Of Nursing
Chapter 26 Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System
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Chapter 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary SystemMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nasopharynx is lined with a ciliated mucosal membrane with a highly vascular
blood supply. One function of this membrane is to:
a. absorb air.
b. humidify air.
c. cool air.
d. exchange gases.
ANS: B
These structures are lined with a ciliated mucosa that warms and humidifies inspired air
and removes foreign particles from it. Air is not absorbed or cooled by the ciliated mucosal
membrane. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli.
REF: p. 671
2. The nurse is describing the slit-shaped space between the true vocal cords. What term
should the nurse use?
a. Glottis
b. Epiglottis
c. Larynx
d. Carina
ANS:
A
The slit-shaped space between the true vocal cords forms the glottis. The slit-shaped space
between the true vocal cords is not referred to as the epiglottis, the larynx, or the carina.
REF: p. 671
3. The nurse is describing the movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the
lungs to the body organs and tissues. What term should the nurse use to describe this
process?
a. Perfusion
b. Ventilation
c. Diffusion
d. Circulation
ANS: A
Perfusion is the movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the lungs to body
organs and tissues. Ventilation is the movement of air into and out of the lungs. Diffusion is
the movement of gases between air spaces in the lungs and the bloodstream. Circulation is the
movement of blood throughout the bloodstream.
REF: p. 671
4. After entering a room of chemical fog, a 20-year-old male cannot stop coughing. Which of the
following structures are primarily responsible for his response?
a. Upper respiratory tract mucosa
, b. Irritant receptors in the trachea and large airways
c. Irritant receptors in the nostrils
d. Upper respiratory nasal hairs and turbinates
ANS: C
The irritant receptors in the nostrils are responsible for coughing, not those found in the upper
respiratory tract mucosa or in the trachea. The cough is not related to stimulation of upper
respiratory nasal hairs or the turbinates.
REF: p. 672, Table 26-1
5. One of the functions of the pulmonary system is the:
a. expelling of bacteria.
b. exchange of gases between the environment and blood.
c. movement of blood into and out of the capillaries.
d. principal mechanism for cooling of the heart.
ANS: B
The pulmonary system promotes exchange of gases between the environment and the blood.
Neither expelling bacteria, moving blood in and out of the capillaries, nor cooling of the heart
is considered a function of the pulmonary system.
REF: p. 671
6. A nurse recalls the pleural membranes are examples of membranes.
a. mucous
b. serous
c. synovial
d. peritoneal
ANS: B
The pleural membranes are serous membranes. Mucous membranes are found in the mouth.
Synovial membranes are found in joints. Peritoneal membranes would be found in the
bowel.
REF: p. 675
7. A newborn is in respiratory distress and requires ventilation. Tests reveal that he does not
produce surfactant due to the absence of:
a. mucus-producing cells.
b. type II alveolar cells.
c. alveolar macrophages.
d. goblet cells.
ANS: B
Surfactant is produced by the type II alveolar cells. Surfactant is not produced
by mucus-producing cells, alveolar macrophages, or goblet cells.
REF: p. 672
8. A patient involved in a motor vehicle accident experiences a severe head injury and dies as a
result of the loss of respirations. The nurse suspects the area of the brain most likely damaged
is the:
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