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Chapter 31 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
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- Galen College Of Nursing
Chapter 31 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
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Chapter 31: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in ChildrenMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Upon examination of a male infant, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on
the undersurface of the penis. The nurse will document this condition as:
a. hypospadias.
b. epispadias.
c. hydroureter.
d. cryptorchidism.
ANS: A
When the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis, it is referred to as
hypospadias. Epispadias occurs when the urethral meatus is on the dorsal surface of the penis.
Hydroureter is not associated with the urethra. Cryptorchidism refers to undescended testes.
REF: p. 770
2. An infant male experiences a constant dribbling of urine. His urethral opening is located
behind the glans. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on
the chart?
a. Anterior epispadias
b. Posterior epispadias
c. Exstrophy of the bladder
d. Bladder outlet obstruction
ANS: A
Anterior epispadias occurs when the urethral opening is small and situated behind the glans.
Posterior epispadias occurs when a fissure extends the entire length of the penis and into the
bladder neck. Exstrophy of the bladder occurs when the bladder is exposed on the abdominal
wall. Bladder outlet obstruction occurs when urinary outflow is obstructed.
REF: p. 771
3. What term is used to describe a chronic renal failure caused by a lack of development of
one of the kidneys?
a. Renal dysplasia
b. Renal agenesis
c. Hypoplastic kidney
d. Renal aplasia
ANS: D
During embryologic development, the ureteric duct grows into the metanephric tissue,
triggering the formation of the kidneys. If this growth does not occur, the kidney is absent, a
condition called renal aplasia. Renal dysplasia usually results from abnormal differentiation of
the renal tissues. Renal agenesis is the absence of one or both kidneys. Hypoplastic kidney is
small with a decreased number of nephrons.
REF: p. 772
, 4. The life expectancy of infants who are diagnosed with bilateral renal agenesis is expected
to be:
a. death within 1 year of birth.
b. a fairly normal, healthy life.
c. death within a few hours of birth.
d. good when anomalies are corrected with surgery.
ANS: C
Bilateral renal agenesis is a rare disorder incompatible with extrauterine life. The infant
lives only a few hours.
REF: p. 772
5. Physical examination of a newborn who dies shortly after birth reveals wide-set eyes,
parrot-beak nose, low-set ears, and receding chin. These abnormalities support which
diagnosis?
a. Unilateral renal agenesis
b. Potter syndrome
c. Renal aplasia
d. Renal dysplasia
ANS: B
Potter syndrome is manifested by wide-set eyes, parrot-beak nose, low-set ears, and receding
chin. Neither unilateral renal agenesis, renal aplasia, nor renal dysplasia is associated with
other congenital anomalies.
REF: p. 772
6. A 15-year-old presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever and is diagnosed with
glomerulonephritis. What is the most likely cause of this condition?
a. Poststreptococcal infection
b. Nephropathy
c. Nephrotic syndrome
d. Potter syndrome
ANS: A
Glomerulonephritis is most likely related to a post-strep infection. It is not related to
nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, or Potter syndrome.
REF: pp. 772-773
7. If nephrotic syndrome is not caused initially by kidney disease, it is termed
nephrotic syndrome.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. idiopathic
ANS: B
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