Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 36 Alterations of Digestive Function
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- Galen College Of Nursing
Chapter 36 Alterations of Digestive Function
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Chapter 36: Alterations of Digestive FunctionMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following types of diarrhea would most likely occur with a bacterial GI
infection?
a. Osmotic
b. Secretory
c. Hypotonic
d. Motility
ANS: B
Bacterial infections lead to secretory diarrhea. A nonabsorbable substance in the intestine
leads to osmotic diarrhea. Hypotonic diarrhea is not a form of diarrhea. Food is not mixed
properly, digestion and absorption are impaired, and motility is increased, leading to motility
diarrhea.
REF: p. 908
2. A 20-year-old recently diagnosed with lactose intolerance eats an ice cream cone
and develops diarrhea. This diarrhea can be classified as diarrhea.
a. osmotic b.
secretory c.
hypotonic
d. motility
ANS: A
A nonabsorbable substance in the intestine leads to osmotic diarrhea. Infections lead to
secretory diarrhea. Hypotonic diarrhea is not a form of diarrhea. Food is not mixed properly,
digestion and absorption are impaired, and motility is increased leading to motility diarrhea.
REF: p. 908
3. Assuming that midline epigastric pain is caused by a stimulus acting on an abdominal
organ, the pain felt is classified as:
a. visceral.
b. somatic.
c. parietal.
d. referred.
ANS: A
Visceral pain arises from a stimulus (distention, inflammation, and ischemia) acting on an
abdominal organ. Somatic is a form of parietal pain. Parietal pain, from the parietal
peritoneum, is more localized and intense than visceral pain, which arises from the organs
themselves. Referred pain is visceral pain felt at some distance from a diseased or affected
organ.
REF: p. 909
, 4. The most common disorder associated with upper GI bleeding is:
a. diverticulosis.
b. hemorrhoids.
c. esophageal varices.
d. cancer.
ANS: C
Esophageal varices is the most common disorder associated with upper GI bleeding.
Diverticulosis could lead to bleeding, but it would be lower GI rather than upper.
Hemorrhoids can lead to bleeding, but they would be lower GI. Cancer could lead to upper GI
bleeding, but peptic ulcers and varices are identified as more common.
REF: p. 909
5. Bright red bleeding from the rectum is referred to as:
a. melena.
b. occult bleeding.
c. hematochezia.
d. hematemesis.
ANS: C
Bleeding from the upper GI tract can also be rapid enough to produce hematochezia (bright
red stools). Melena is a black or tarry stool. Occult bleeding is hidden bleeding. Hematemesis
is vomiting blood.
REF: p. 909
6. A 50-year-old is diagnosed wNUithR
SgasItroeGsophBa.geCal rMeflux. This condition is
caused by: N T
a. fibrosis of the lower third of the esophagus.
b. sympathetic nerve stimulation.
c. loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter.
d. reverse peristalsis of the stomach.
ANS: C
Gastroesophageal reflux is due to loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter. The
resting tone of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tends to be lower than normal from
either transient relaxation or weakness of the sphincter. Gastroesophageal reflux is not due to
fibrosis, stimulation of sympathetic nerves, or reverse peristalsis.
REF: p. 911
7. A 45-year-old male complains of heartburn after eating and difficulty swallowing.
These symptoms support which diagnosis?
a. Pyloric stenosis
b. Gastric cancer
c. Achalasia
d. Hiatal hernia
ANS: D
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